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P. Sravan Kumar,
In charge Principal, Aurora's polytech Academy,
K Amarnath,
Lecturer, Department of EEE, Government Institute of Electronics, Hyderabad
B.Santosh Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Trinity College of Engineering & Technology
Introduction
What is Power Quality
Power quality is about deviations of voltage and/or current from the
ideal, but whether or not the deviation is important depends on the
purpose of the installation and the design of the equipment.
Frequency
Voltage Variations
Voltage Flicker
Voltage Dip
Interruptions
Temporary Overvoltag
Transients
Unbalance
Harmonics
Interharmonics
Harmonics
f ( x ) sin( x )
sin( 5 x )
f ( x)
5
f ( x ) sin( x )
sin( 5 x )
5
POWER QUALITY
Internal Loads
Everything from variable speed drives, microprocessor based devices, and loads such as
lighting and battery chargers contribute to the resulting quality of electrical power in a circuit.
Internal loads can cause poor power factor, harmonics and power quality events such as sags,
swells, and transients.
DYNAMIC VOLTAGE
RESTORER (DVR):
CONTROL STRATEGY
Pre-Sag Compensation
In-phase Compensation
Minimum Energy Compensation
OPERATION OF DVR
The terminal voltages (Vta, Vtb, Vtc) have power
quality problems and the DVR injects compensating
voltages (VCa, VCb, VCc) through an injection
transformer to get undistorted and balanced load
voltages (VLa, VLb, VLc).
CONTROL OF DVR:
The compensation for voltage sags using a DVR can be performed
by injecting or absorbing the reactive power or the real power.
When the injected voltage is in quadrature with the current at the
fundamental frequency, the compensation is made by injecting
reactive power and the DVR is with a self-supported dc bus.
If the injected voltage is in phase with the current, DVR injects
real power, and hence, a battery is required at the dc bus of the VSC.
The voltages at the PCC and at the load terminal are sensed
for deriving the IGBTs gate signals. The reference load
voltage is extracted using the derived unit vector.
Load voltages (
) are converted to the rotating
reference frame using abcdqo conversion using Parks
transformation with unit vectors (
,
) derived using a
phase-locked loop.
Similarly, reference load voltages (
) and voltages
at the PCC are also converted to the rotating reference frame.
Reference DVR voltages in the abc frame are obtained from
reverse Parks transformation.
Reference DVR voltages (
,
,
) and actual DVR
voltages(vdvra,vdvrb,vdvrc) are used in a pulse width
modulated (PWM) controller to generate gating pulses to a
VSC of the DVR.
sinusoidal
(SPWM);
pulse
voltages
modulation.
width
are
modulation
controlled
technique
through
the
MATLAB
MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical
computing.
The MATLAB Mathematical Function Library: This
is a vast collection of computational algorithms
ranging from elementary functions, like sum, sine,
cosine, and complex arithmetic, to more sophisticated
functions like matrix inverse, matrix Eigen values,
Bessel
functions,Language
and fast Fourier
transforms.
The MATLAB
:
This
is a high-level
matrix/array language with control flow statements,
functions, data structures, input/output, and objectoriented programming features.
CONCLUSION
A comparison of the performance of the DVR with
completely different schemes has been performed with a
reduced-rating VSC, together with a capacitor-supported
DVR with PWM controller. The reference load voltage has
been calculable victimization the tactic of unit vectors, and
also the management of DVR has been achieved, that
minimizes the error of voltage injection. The SRF theory
has been used for estimating the reference DVR voltages.