Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Processes & Procedures
Processes & Procedures
&
PROCEDURES
DUE 3012 COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH 2
LEARNING OUTCOME
PROCESS
A
EXAMPLE OF A PROCESS
The process of making wool sweaters
PROCEDURE
A
way of accomplishing a
task
E.g.: Opening up a bank
account, buying insurance
etc.
EXAMPLE OF A PROCEDURE
LINEAR
linear process or development
is one in which something
changes or progresses straight
from one stage to another
Has a starting point and an
ending point
Presented in essay form
A
NON LINEAR
In a non-linear text, its contexts are organized in
a network structure
Readers could start from any node that they care
E.g.: A guide or encyclopedia
Readers are supposed to solve specific problems
Doesn't require someone to read through
Presented in pictures, images or diagrams
Singular
Form
(Present
Simple
Past
Simple
Past
Present
Participle Participle
Tense)
*report
reports
reported
reported
reporting
break
breaks
broke
broken
breaking
come
comes
came
come
coming
set
sets
set
set
setting
*Regular
Verbs
Irregular
Verbs
The verbs in the
above table
are all&Common
Verbs.
This means that
they carry a meaning that indicates an action.
Active Sentence
Passive verbs
Auxiliary verbs
Past participle
1. car-order-delivery-agree
6. body-send-paint
7. interior-exterior-fitassembly
2. production-schedulescreate-send-suppliers-preassembly
5. add on-mount
8. quality-check-conduct
3. data carrier-customers
specification-attach-floor
pan
9. car-release
TRANSFERRING INFORMATION
FROM NON-LINEAR TO LINEAR
FORM
1. car-order-delivery-agree
2. production-schedulescreate-send-suppliers-preassembly
Production schedules
______ (create) and
______ (send) to suppliers
and the companys own
pre-assembly stations.
Add-on parts
_______ (mount).
Past Form
Past Participle
be ( is / am / are)
was / were
been
agree
agreed
agreed
attach
attached
attached
create
created
created
conduct
conducted
conducted
fit
fitted
fitted
mount
mounted
mounted
order
ordered
ordered
release
released
released
10
send
sent
sent
11
weld
welded
welded
2.
3.
4.
The floor pan, wheel arches, side panels and a roof are welded
together.
5.
6.
7.
The interior and exterior parts are fitted in the final assembly.
8.
9.
SEQUENCE
CONNECTORS
To show the order of stages
To follow the flow of the description
First, / Firstly,
Next, / Then,
Before
After / After that, / Following that,
Subsequently,
Finally,
In the body shop, the floor pan, wheel arches, side panels, and roof are welded
together by robots to make the frame of the car. The add-on parts - the doors, boot lid,
and bonnet - are then mounted to make the body-in-white. The finished body shell is
then sent into the paint shop where the data carrier determines the colour. In final
assembly, the interior and exterior parts (for example the front and rear bumpers,
headlights, windscreen, and other windows) are fitted. After that, quality control and
a final check are conducted. Finally, the finished car is released. It is now ready for
delivery to its new owner.
PRACTICE
The process of making chocolate