FIGURE 2 69 Series Clipper.: Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 8e

FIGURE269Seriesclipper.
RobertL.BoylestadandLouisNashelsky
ElectronicDevicesandCircuitTheory,8e
Copyright2002byPearsonEducation,Inc.
UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey07458
Allrightsreserved.
FIGURE270Seriesclipperwithadcsupply.
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FIGURE272Determiningvo.
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FIGURE273Determininglevelsofvo.
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FIGURE274Determiningvowhenvi=vm.
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FIGURE275Sketchingvo.
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FIGURE276SeriesclipperforExample2.20.
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FIGURE277vowithdiodeintheonstate.
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FIGURE279SketchingvoforExample2.20.
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FIGURE280AppliedsignalforExample2.21.
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FIGURE281voatvI=+20V.
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FIGURE282voatvI=10V.
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FIGURE284Responsetoaparallelclipper.
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FIGURE285Example2.22.
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FIGURE286voforthenegativeregionofvI.
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FIGURE288Determiningvofortheopenstateofthediode.
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FIGURE290DeterminingthetransitionlevelforthenetworkofFig.285.
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FIGURE291DeterminingvoforthediodeofFig.285intheonstate.
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FIGURE294Clamper.
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FIGURE295DiodeonandthecapacitorchargingtoVvolts.
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FIGURE296Determiningvowiththediodeoff.
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FIGURE297SketchingvoforthenetworkofFig.294.
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FIGURE298AppliedsignalandnetworkforExample2.24.
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FIGURE299DeterminingvoandVcwiththediodeintheonstate.
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FIGURE2100Determiningvowiththediodeintheoffstate.
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FIGURE2101vIandvofortheclamperofFig.298.
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FIGURE2106Clampingnetworkwithasinusoidalinput.
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FIGURE152ReviewingtheZenerregion.
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FIGURE153Conductiondirection:(a)Zenerdiode;(b)semiconductordiode.
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FIGURE154Zenerequivalentcircuit:(a)complete;(b)approximate.
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FIGURE155Zenertestcharacteristics.
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FIGURE2107Zenerdiodeequivalentsforthe(a)onand(b)offstates.
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FIGURE2108BasicZenerregulator.
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FIGURE2109DeterminingthestateoftheZenerdiode.
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FIGURE2110SubstitutingtheZenerequivalentfortheonsituation.
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FIGURE2111ZenerdioderegulatorforExample2.26.
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FIGURE2112DeterminingVfortheregulatorofFig.2111.
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FIGURE2113ResultingoperatingpointforthenetworkofFig.2111.
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FIGURE2114NetworkofFig.2111intheonstate.
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FIGURE2115VoltageregulatorforExample2.27.
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FIGURE2116VLversusRLandILfortheregulatorofFig.2115.
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FIGURE2117RegulatorforExample2.28.
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FIGURE2118VLversusVifortheregulatorofFig.2117.
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FIGURE2119Waveformgeneratedbyafilteredrectifiedsignal.
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UnitII
FIGURE32Typesoftransistors:(a)pnp;(b)npn.
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FIGURE35Majorityandminoritycarrierflowofapnptransistor.
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FIGURE36Notationandsymbolsusedwiththecommonbaseconfiguration:(a)pnptransistor;(b)npntransistor.
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FIGURE37Inputordrivingpointcharacteristicsforacommonbasesilicontransistoramplifier.
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FIGURE38Outputorcollectorcharacteristicsforacommonbasetransistoramplifier.
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FIGURE39Reversesaturationcurrent.
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FIGURE313aNotationandsymbolsusedwiththecommonemitterconfiguration:npntransistor
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FIGURE313bNotationandsymbolsusedwiththecommonemitterconfiguration:pnptransistor.
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FIGURE314Characteristicsofasilicontransistorinthecommonemitterconfiguration:(a)collectorcharacteristics;(b)base
characteristics.
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FIGURE315CircuitconditionsrelatedtoICEO.
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FIGURE316PiecewiselinearequivalentforthediodecharacteristicsofFig.314b.
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FIGURE317Determiningacanddcformthecollectorcharacteristics.
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FIGURE318Characteristicsinwhichacisthesameeverywhereandac=dc.
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FIGURE319Determiningtheproperbiasingarrangementforacommonemitternpntransistorconfiguration.
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FIGURE322Definingthelinear(undistorted)regionofoperationforatransistor.
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FIGURE327Checkingtheforwardbiasedbasetoemitterjunctionofannpntransistor.
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FIGURE328Checkingthereversebiasedbasetocollectorjunctionofannpntransistor.
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FIGURE331abInternalconstructionofaFairchildtransistorinaTO92package.(CourtesyFairchildCameraandInstrument
Corporation.)
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FIGURE41Variousoperatingpointswithinthelimitsofoperationofatransistor.
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FIGURE42Fixedbiascircuit.
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FIGURE43dcequivalentofFig.42.
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FIGURE44Baseemitterloop.
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FIGURE45Collectoremitterloop.
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FIGURE46MeasuringVCEandVC.
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FIGURE47dcfixedbiascircuitforExample4.1.
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FIGURE48Saturationregions:(a)actual;(b)approximate.
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FIGURE49DeterminingIcsat.
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FIGURE410DeterminingIcsatforthefixedbiasconfiguration.
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FIGURE411Loadlineanalyis:(a)thenetwork;(b)thedevicecharacteristics.
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FIGURE412Fixedbiasloadline.
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FIGURE413MovementofQpointwithincreasinglevelsofIB.
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FIGURE414EffectofincreasinglevelsofRContheloadlineandQpoint.
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FIGURE415EffectoflowervaluesofVCContheloadlineandQpoint.
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FIGURE416Example4.3
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FIGURE417BJTbiascircuitwithemitterresistor.
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FIGURE418Baseemitterloop.
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FIGURE419NetworkderivedfromEq.(417).
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FIGURE420ReflectedimpedancelevelofRE.
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FIGURE421Collectoremitterloop.
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FIGURE422EmitterstabilizedbiascircuitforExample4.4.
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FIGURE423DeterminingIcsatfortheemitterstabilizedbiascircuit.
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FIGURE424Loadlinefortheemitterbiasconfiguration.
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FIGURE425Voltagedividerbiasconfiguration.
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FIGURE426DefiningtheQpointforthevoltagedividerbiasconfiguration.
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FIGURE427RedrawingtheinputsideofthenetworkofFig.425.
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FIGURE428DeterminingRTH.
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FIGURE429DeterminingEth.
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FIGURE430InsertingtheThveninequivalentcircuit.
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FIGURE431BetastabilizedcircuitforExample4.7.
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FIGURE432PartialbiascircuitforcalculatingtheapproximatebasevoltageVB.
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FIGURE433VoltagedividerconfigurationforExample4.10.
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FIGURE434VerifyingtheresultsofExample4.7usingMathcad.
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FIGURE153TransistorcharacteristicshowingloadlineandQpoint.
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FIGURE154aAmplifierinputandoutputsignalvariation.
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FIGURE154bAmplifierinputandoutputsignalvariation.(Continued)
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FIGURE76Twoportsystem.
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FIGURE729Twoportsystem.
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FIGURE730Hybridinputequivalentcircuit.
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FIGURE731Hybridoutputequivalentcircuit.
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FIGURE732Completehybridequivalentcircuit.
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FIGURE733aCommonemitterconfiguration:graphicalsymbol.
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FIGURE733bCommonemitterconfiguration:hybridequivalentcircuit.
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FIGURE734aCommonbaseconfiguration:graphicalsymbol.
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FIGURE734bCommonbaseconfiguration:hybridequivalentcircuit.
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FIGURE 2 69 Series Clipper.: Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 8e

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FIGURE 2 69 Series Clipper.: Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 8e

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FIGURE269Seriesclipper.

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