Electronic Initiation Systems and Opportunities

Electronic Initiation
Systems and Opportunities
Overview
Structure of electronic dets

Why even consider electronics??
Pyrotechnic Scatter
Out of sequence firing
Burning Fronts
Types of electronic dets
Features to consider
Summary
Insert file name here by selecting View, Header & Footer, Footer
Structure of Electronic Detonators

Fuse
Shock Tube
Electric
Hybrid
Wired
Safety
Fuse
(Delay)
Fuse head
Electronics
Delay
Element(s)
Base
Charge
Base
Charge
Capacitor
Fuse head
Base
Charge
3
Why Even Consider Electronics??

Millisecond Accuracy
No out of sequence firing
Vibration Control
Total Burning Front

No Cut-offs
Flexibility
Choice of delays
Vibration Control
Increased Blast Size
Throw / Cast%
Ore Fragmentation (metal mines)
Highwall / Final Wall control
Through seam blasting (coal)
Pyrotechnic Scatter (Claude Cunningham)

Precision
Lag
No out of sequence firing

Intervals within 30% of plan
CORE
NEEDS
No Cut-offs
Precision = Short Delays

Short Delays = Little Lag
Pyro Delay
Conflict
Long Lag = Long Delay

Long Delays = Low Precision
All Dets burning before 1st fires
Pyrotechnic Scatter
High speed video of NONEL Detonators
High speed video of DigiDet Electronic Detonator
Show Video 1
Out of Sequence Firing

What happens if a hole fires out of sequence
Out of Sequence Firing Effect on Relief

Poor Relief
Gas flow
direction
Good Relief
Gas flow
direction
Burning Front
2D Bench Modelling Using 1.0% CoV
Standard NONEL Burning Front 450ms
Burning Front cont.

Long Delay NONEL Burning Front 900ms
Video 2
10
Burning Front Cont.

Out of Sequence Firing with longer delays
11
Different Types of Electronics

Fully Programmable
I-kon
UNI Tronic
Auto-Programmable
HotShot
Pre-programmed
DigiDet
12
Features to Consider (Kanchibotla & Watson)

Accuracy & Precision
Flexibility
Ease of Use
Maximum:
Dets Per Shot
Delay & Interval
Length
Training Requirements
Security / Traceability
2-Way Communications
Cost $$
Generally 3-4 times NONEL price
Remote Firing / Lead-in Length

Robustness
Water, Heat & Shock Resistance
Inventory and Stock Control
13
Vibration Control
wave 1
Can use shockwave

interaction to:
Reduce Vibrations
Increase Frequency
wave 2: offset by 0.5

wavelengths
resultant wave
14
Reduction of MIC (Maximum Instantaneous

Charge) Using Precise Electronic Detonators
Nonel: Max. 3 Decks in 8 ms Window
Electronic: Max. 2 Decks in 8 ms Window
15
Low Frequency Ground Vibrations Cause

Displacement Along Bedding Planes
A blast ground
vibrations
Low Frequencies ground vibrations

causing separation of coal & waste bands
16
Example: Vibration Control

Reduced Vibrations at
Keperra Quarry in Brisbane
NONEL
17ms inter-hole
42ms inter-row
PPV = 4 6 mm/s
Electronic
10ms inter-hole
45 & 55ms inter-row
Forced 200Hz frequency
Reduced MIC
PPV = 0.98 1.46mm/s
Video 3
17
Vibration Control Cont.

Must take care:
Might reduce vibrations in target direction
But increase vibrations in opposite direction
Shockwave
Interference
Shockwave
Reinforcement
18
Cast %
Scatter restricts the use of
short inter-hole delays
Shorter electronic delays
increase blast hole interaction
& increase throw / cast%
May have other detrimental

effects
Vibration levels
Dig Rates
19
Example: Cast% Increase

New Clydesdale Colliery
Increased Cast to 53% from 47%
Video
4 by selecting View, Header & Footer, Footer
Insert file
name here
20
Multiple Seam Blasting

Firing multiple layers of rock in the same blast
Casting:
Overburden Deck
= 600ms DTH
Overburden Deck
+ 2 10 sec
Stand Up:
Coal Deck
+ 1 4 sec
Interburden Deck
Insert file name here by selecting View, Header

Footer, Footer
+ 1 4& sec
Video 5
21
Through Seam Blasting

For sites with 1 or more steeply dipping coal seams
DTH = 500ms
1st Bench
2% Scatter = 10ms
DTH = 1500ms
2nd Bench
2% Scatter = 30ms
DTH = 2500ms
3rd Bench
2% Scatter = 50ms
22
Coal Loss
Trying to increase Cast% by using Cord or 17ms inter-hole delays
But using Baby Decks to reduce Coal Loss
Main Deck
DTH = 500ms
2% Scatter = 10ms
Video 6
Baby Deck
DTH = 550ms
Insert
name here
by selecting View, Header & Footer, Footer
2%file
Scatter
= 11ms
Longer BD delay
DTH = 700ms
2% Scatter = 14ms
23
Shadowing for Combined Production and

Trim Shots with Electronic Detonators
Explosive
gasses
Back Row Fired First

Vibration Reduction
24
Summary
Electronics can provide significant benefits to an
operation if they are used correctly
Vibration
Cast / throw
Fragmentation
Highwall / Final Wall control
HOWEVER They can cause great pain if not used

correctly
You get exactly what you ask for
25

Electronic Initiation Systems and Opportunities

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Electronic Initiation Systems and Opportunities

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Electronic Initiation

Systems and Opportunities

Structure of electronic dets

Structure of Electronic Detonators

Why Even Consider Electronics??

Total Burning Front

Pyrotechnic Scatter (Claude Cunningham)

No out of sequence firing

Precision = Short Delays

Long Lag = Long Delay

All Dets burning before 1st fires

Out of Sequence Firing

Out of Sequence Firing Effect on Relief

Burning Front cont.

Burning Front Cont.

Different Types of Electronics

Features to Consider (Kanchibotla & Watson)

Remote Firing / Lead-in Length

Can use shockwave

wave 2: offset by 0.5

Reduction of MIC (Maximum Instantaneous

Electronic: Max. 2 Decks in 8 ms Window

Low Frequency Ground Vibrations Cause

Low Frequencies ground vibrations

Example: Vibration Control

Vibration Control Cont.

May have other detrimental

Example: Cast% Increase

Multiple Seam Blasting

Insert file name here by selecting View, Header

Through Seam Blasting

Shadowing for Combined Production and

Back Row Fired First

HOWEVER They can cause great pain if not used

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