Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cardiogenic Shock: Diagnosis and Management
Cardiogenic Shock: Diagnosis and Management
AND MANAGEMENT
Erwinanto MD
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine
Division of Cardiovascular, Department of Internal Medicine
Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran/Hasan Sadikin
Hospital
Bandung
Cardiac
output
(CO)
Systemic vascular
resistance
(SVR)
CO
Preload
Heart rate
SVR
Vasoconstricti
on
Vasodilatation
Contractility
Afterload
WHAT IS PERFUSION
PRESSURE?
MEASUREMENT
Blood pressure:
systolic and diastolic pressure
Perfusion pressure:
mean arterial pressure
WHAT IS HYPOTENSION?
WHAT IS SHOCK?
HYPOTENSION
PLUS
TISSUE HYPOPERFUSION
SHOCK
TISSUE HYPOPERFUSION
1. Cool extremities
2. Altered
mentation
3. Cyanosis
4. Oliguria
WHAT IS PRE-SHOCK?
PRE-SHOCK
SIGNS OF HYPOPERFUSION
SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE >90 mm
Hg
WHAT IS CARDIOGENIC
SHOCK?
FORRESTER CLASSIFICATION
CI (L/m/m2)
Hypoperfusion
Normal
H-III
C-III
Fluid
administration
Mortality 22.4%
Mortality 55.5%
Hypovolemic
shock
Cardiogenic shock
18
Pulmonary congestion
CLINICAL:
- Tissue hypoxia
- Decreased cardiac output
- Normal vascular volume
HEMODYNAMIC:
change
sudden
- Hypotension
- a-v
ml/dl)
-
L/m2)
difference
cardiac
index
(>5.5
(<2.2
or
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
AND
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF
SHOCK
Cardiogeni
c
Hypoxia,
lactic
acidosis
shock
Vasoconstrictio
n
cardiac
function
Mechanism
of
compensatio
After
load
Failed
Contractility
Multi-organ
failure
Salt and
water
retention
n
Cardiac
output
Heart
rate
Type
Cardiogenic
Heart
Stroke
Cardiac
rate
volume
output
Increased
Decreased
Decreased
SVR
Increase
d
Increased
Hypovolemic
Decreased
Decreased
Increase
or no
or no
change
change
Increased
Increased
Septic;
anaphylactic
Increased
Decrease
d
Low cardiac
output
Neligan P. 1998
Cardiac
tamponade
Pulmonary
embolism
Ventricular Performance
VENTRICULAR PERFORMANCE
Preload
CO
Ventricular Performance
VENTRICULAR PERFORMANCE
Cardiac tamponade,
Hypovolemic
pulmonary embolism, or
Right-ventricular MI
RALES +
Acute heart failure
CO
LVEDV
MANAGEMENT OF SCHOCK
WITH LOW CARDIAC
OUTPUT
Cardiac tamponade,
Hypovolemic
pulmonary embolism, or
Right-ventricular MI
RALES +
Acute heart failure
CO
LVEDV
Hypovolemia
Hypovolemia _
BP
CVP less
/~ BP
CVP more
Perfusion
than 3 mm
Hg
~
Perfusion
than 3 mm
Hg
HR
/~ HR
Gejala klinis: syok, hipoperfusi, gagal jantung bendungan, edema paru akut.
Kelainan dasar yang paling mungkin?
Edema paru
akut
Hipovolemia
Low-output
Cairan
Aritmia
Bradikardia
Takikardia
Transfusi darah
Intervensi penyebab
PERTIMBANGKAN
Morfin IV 2-4 mg
vasopresor
SBP >100
mm Hg
Nitrogliserin IV
10-20 mcg/menit
SBP 70-100 mm
Hg tanpa tanda
syok
SBP 70-100 mm
Hg dengan tanda
syok
Dobutamin IV
2-20 mcg/kg/menit
Dopamin IV
5-15 mcg/kg/menit
SBP <70 mm Hg
dengan tanda syok
Norepinefrin IV
0,3-30mcg/menit
Agent
Adrenaline
Noradrenalin
Inotrop
Chronotrop
Vasoconstrictio
Vasodilatio
+++
++
++
+++
++
++
++
+++
++
High dose +
++
++
e
Isoprenaline
Dopamine
Dobutamine
Milrinone
Neligan P. 1998
Opie LH, Gersh BJ. 2005
Oxygen; furosemide
SBP 85-100 mm Hg
SBP < 85 mm Hg
Vasodilator
Vasodilator and/or
inotropic
Volume loading
Inotrope and/or
Dopamine and/or
Norepinephrine
Good response
Oral therapy
furosemide,
ACE-I
No response:
reconsider mechanistic
therapy Inotropic agents
Nieminen MS, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure.
The European Society of Cardiology. 2005
COURSE
SOAL 1.
Seorang
laki-laki
datang
di
ruang
gawat
darurat
SOAL 2.
Seorang
laki-laki
datang
di
ruang
gawat
darurat
SOAL 3.
Seorang
laki-laki
datang
di
ruang
gawat
darurat
SOAL 4.
Seorang penderita mempunyai tekanan darah 110/85
mm Hg dan akral teraba dingin.
Pilih analisis yang paling tepat menurut anda
1. Tidak mungkin syok
2. Syok kardiogenik
3. Presyok
4. Syok septik
5. Semua jawaban di atas salah
SOAL 5.
Seorang
laki-laki
datang
di
ruang
gawat
darurat
SOAL 6.
Seorang
laki-laki
datang
di
ruang
gawat
darurat
SOAL 7.
Seorang
laki-laki
datang
di
ruang
gawat
darurat
pemeriksaan
laboratorium
yang
akan
anda
lakukan:
1. Ureum dan kreatinin darah, serta elektrolit
2. Ureum dan kreatinin darah, serta analisis gas darah
SOAL 8.
Anda seorang dokter jaga di sebuah rumah sakit.
Seorang perawat melaporkan bahwa Tn Hadi 50 tahun,
di ruang rawat, tekanan darahnya terukur 90/60 mm
Hg
Pilih tindakan pertama yang akan anda lakukan:
1. Melakukan fluid-challenge test
2. Memberikan cairan kristaloid IV
3. Memberikan obat inotropik IV
4. Memeriksa catatan tekanan darah sebelumnya
5. Memeriksa adanya ronchi basah halus
SOAL 9.
Tekanan darah 90/60 mm Hg paling tepat dipakai
sebagai indikasi adanya hipotensi jika diukur pada
seorang penderita
1. yang baru datang di ruang gawat darurat
2. yang telah dirawat di ICU selama 24 jam
3. yang telah dirawat diruangan selama 24 jam
4. Semua jawaban di atas benar
5. Semua jawaban di atas salah
SOAL 10.
Seorang penderita yang telah dipastikan mengalami
infark
miokard
akut
yang
luas
di
dinding
anterior
SOAL 11.
Seorang penderita yang telah dipastikan mengalami
gagal jantung akut telah terpasang kateter CVP dengan
hasil pengukuran CVP=13 cm H2O. Tekanan darah 75/50
mm Hg.