Relationships among Access Database

Objects
Database
Application

Form

Tables
Repor
t

Query
(View)

Basic Database Objec

SQL:
Structured Query Language
RDBMS: Relational Data Base
Management System
DBA: Data Base Administrator
DB designer/Data modeler

A saved SELECT query is officially called a View in SQL.

QUERY in Access can be SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.
You can create a query against a table or a query.
You can create a form or report against a table or a query.

-1-

Database:
Tables, Columns, Rows,
Primary Keys, Foreign Keys
and Relationships
Potential relational database
for Coca-Cola Bottling Co.

-2-

Multiple (Dual) Perspectives

We use
this data

DATA

ACME
Enterprise

We do
these things

CRUD
SQL Operations
Insert
Update
Delete
Select

ACTIVITY

HIRE
EMPLOYEE

PAY
EMPLOYEE

Create
Update
Delete
Read

User
Interface

App.
EMPLOYEE

......
......
....
....

PROMOTE
EMPLOYEE

FIRE
EMPLOYEE

Data

Process

-3-

Data Model (Entity Relationship Diagram)

Member
Order

sells;
is sold on

Product

placed by;
places

Member

is enrolled under;
applies to

established by;
established

generates;
generated by

is featured in;
features

Agreement

Promotion

sponsors;
is sponsored by

Club

-4-

Data Modeling Case Study

The following is description by a pharmacy owner:
"Jack Smith catches a cold and what he suspects is a flu
virus. He makes an appointment with his family doctor
who confirm his diagnosis. The doctor prescribes an
antibiotic and nasal decongestant tablets. Jack leaves the
doctor's office and drives to his local drug store. The
pharmacist packages the medication and types the labels
for pill bottles. The label includes information about
customer, the doctor who prescribe the drug, the drug
(e.g., Penicillin), when to take it, and how often, the
content of the pill (250 mg), the number of refills,
expiration date, and the date of purchase."

Please develop a data model for the entities and

relationships within the context of pharmacy.
Also develop a definition for "prescription".
List all your underlying assumptions used in
your data models.
-5-

Northwind Database

-6-

A Business Form

-7-

An Informal Example of Normalization

A CUSTOMER ORDER contains the following

information:

OrderNo
OrderDate
CustNo
CustAddress
CustType
Tax
Total
one or more than one Order-Item which has

ProductNo
Description
Quantity
UnitPrice
Subtotal.
-8-

Solution
Unnormalized table

(OrderNo, OrderDate, CustNo, CustAddress, CustType, Tax, Total,

Total
1{ProductNo, Description, Quantity, UnitPrice,Subtotal}n)

Remove repeating group

1st NF

(OrderNo, ProductNo, Description, Quantity, UnitPrice, Subtotal)

Subtotal

Remove partial FD

2nd NF

(OrderNo, OrderDate, CustNo, CustAddress, CustType, Tax, Total)

Total

Remove transitive FD
(OrderNo, ProductNo, Quantity, UnitPrice, Subtotal)
Subtotal
(ProductNo, Description, UnitPrice)

3rd NF

(OrderNo, OrderDate, CustNo, Tax, Total)

Total
(CustNo, CustAddress, CustType)

-9-

SQL Select and Query Design

SELECT COURSE.C_ID, COURSE.TITLE, COURSE.FEE
in Access
FROM COURSE

WHERE (((COURSE.FEE)>250 And (COURSE.FEE)<=350))

ORDER BY COURSE.FEE DESC;

- 10 -

JOIN and Aggregation

Function
Show students ID, name, and GPA
SELECT STUDENT.S_NO, STUDENT.NAME,
Round(Avg(REGISTRATION.GRADE)*100)/100 AS
AvgOfGRADE
FROM STUDENT INNER JOIN REGISTRATION ON STUDENT.S_NO
= REGISTRATION.S_NO
GROUP BY STUDENT.S_NO, STUDENT.NAME;
Or Format(Avg(REGISTRATION.GRADE), "###.00") AS
AvgOfGRADE

- 11 -

Database(Access) vs. Spreadsheet

(Excel)
Features
Database
Excel
Multi-user concurrent
access/update to the
data
Volume of the data
Complex relationships
of various data
Calculation /formula
among various data
items
Business graph
capability
Applications
development tools

- 12 -

http://www.oracle.com/tools/jdeveloper/documents/jsptwp/index.html?content.html

Auction Web
Site's Data Model
- 13 -