HEALTH STATISTICS

(A) Health Indicators in the

Community
(B) Vital Statistics
(C) Implications of Health
Statistics to Individual, Family
and Community

HEALTH INDICATORS IN THE

COMMUNITY

Birth coming into being, the act or process of being born

Death cessation of all physical and chemical processes that

invariably occurs in all living beings

HEALTH INDICATORS IN THE

COMMUNITY
Marriages the institutions whereby men and women
are joined by a special kind of social end legal
dependence for the purpose of founding and
maintaining a family
Immigration the transfer of one individual from one
locality to another
SWAROPPS index number of elderly people aging
50 years and above

HEALTH INDICATORS IN THE

COMMUNITY
MORBIDITY
diseases

MORTALITY

deaths

VITAL STATISTICS

births
illnesses
marriages
divorce or separations
deaths

SOURCES OF DATA:

population census
registration of vital data
health surveys
studies and research

Definition of Terms
RATE
shows the relationship between a VITAL EVENT and
those PERSONS EXPOSED to the occurrence of said
events that is within a given area and during a specified
unit of time.
It is evident that a person experiencing the event
(the numerator) must come from total population
exposed to the risk of the same event (the denominator).
Refers to a relation indicating the number of times a
certain event occurs when a certain number of exposures
to the risks of occurrence is present in a given period of
time.

Definition of Terms
RATIO
It is used to describe the

relationship between 2 numerical

quantities or measures of events
without taking particular
considerations to the time or
place. These quantities need not
necessarily represent the same
entities although the unit of
measure must be the same for
both numerator and denominator
of the ratio.

Definition of Terms
CRUDE OR GENERAL RATES are referred to the total
living population. It must be presumed that the total
population was exposed to the risk of the occurrence of
the event.
SPECIFIC RATE refers to the relation for a specific
population class or group. It limits the occurrence of the
event to the portion of the population definitely exposed
to it.

Crude Birth Rate

A measure of one characteristic of the natural growth
or increase of a population

Total no. of live births registered

in a given calendar year
Estimated population as of
Jul 1 of same year

X 1,000

Crude Death Rate

A measure of one mortality from all causes
which may result in a decrease in population.
Total no. of deaths registered
in a given calendar year____ X 1,000
Estimated population as of
Jul 1 of same year

Infant Mortality Rate

Measures the risk of dying during
the first year of life. It is a good index
of the general health condition of a
community since it reflects the
changes in the environmental and
general conditions of a community.
Total no. of deaths under 1 yr. of age
registered in a given calendar year
Total number of registered live
births of same calendar year

X 1,000

Maternal Mortality Rate

It measures the risk of dying from causes
related to pregnancy, child birth and
puerperium. It is in an index of the obstetrical
care needed and received by the women in
the community.
Total no. of deaths from maternal causes
registered in a given calendar year
X 1,000
Total number of live births
registered of same year

Maternal Mortality Rate

It measures the risk of dying from causes
related to pregnancy, child birth and puerperium.
It is in an index of the obstetrical care needed
and received by the women in the community.
Total no. of deaths from maternal causes
registered in a given calendar year
Total number of live births
registered of same year

X 1,000

Fetal Death Rate

Measures pregnancy
wastage. Death of the product of
conception occurs prior to its
complete expulsion, irrespective
of duration of pregnancy.
Total no. of fetal deaths
registered in a given calendar year
Total number of live births
registered of same year

X 1,000

Neonatal Death Rate

Measures the risk of dying the
first month of life. May serve as
an index of the effects of prenatal care and obstetrical
management of the new born.
No. of deaths under 28 days of age
registered in a given calendar year
Number of live births registered
as of Jul 1 of same year

X 1,000

Specific Death Rate

Describes more accurately the risk of
exposure of certain classes or groups to
particular diseases. To understand the
courses of mortality, the rate should be
made specific provided the data are
available for both the population and the
event in their specification. Specific rates
render more comparable and thus, reveal
the problems of public health.
Death in a specific class or group
Registered in a given calendar year
Estimated population as Jul 1
of same specified class or group
of same year

X 100,000

Age Specific Death Rate

No. of deaths in a particular age group
Registered in a given calendar year
X 100,000
Estimated population as of Jul 1
same year in the same age group

Sex Specific Death Rate

No. of deaths of the certain sex

_ registered in a given calendar year
Estimated population as of July 1
of the same sex in the same year

X 100,000

Case Fatality Ratio

No. of registered deaths from a specific

disease for a given calendar year
X 100
No. of registered cases from same
specific disease in same year

Proportionate Mortality Ratio

No. of registered deaths from a specific

cause or age for a given calendar year
No. of registered deaths from all
causes all ages in same year

X 100

Other Terms

Measures of Morbidity Provides information concerning the levels

of disease in a population, the rate of disease development and the
risk of disease.

Prevalence Rate Measures the existing disease in a population at

a particular time.

Incidence Rate Reflects the number of new cases developing in a

population at risk

Population at Risk are persons without the disease of interest but

who are at risk of acquiring the said disease

Attack Rate Similar to incidence rate but Is often specific to a

certain exposure to a given period

(C) IMPLICATION OF HEALTH

STATISTICS TO INDIVIDUAL
FAMILY AND COMMUNITY
1.
2.
3.
4.

Indispensable tool in planning,

implementation and evaluation of any health
problem
Serve as indices of the health conditions
obtaining in a community or population
group
Provide valuable dues as to the nature of
health services or action needs
Serve as bases for determining the success
or failure of health services or actions