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  • Sedimentary Rocks2

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    This document discusses sedimentary rocks, including the processes involved in their formation from sediment and lithification, their typical compositions, and features. Sedimentary rocks form through the weathering of pre-existing rocks, transportation of sediment, deposition in layers, and cementation/compaction over time. They are composed mainly of clay, quartz, calcite and other minerals. Sedimentary rocks include clastic rocks formed from fragments of other rocks as well as chemical and biochemical rocks like limestone and coal. Characteristic features include bedding, mud cracks, ripple marks, cross-bedding and graded bedding.

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    Sedimentary

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    This document discusses sedimentary rocks, including the processes involved in their formation from sediment and lithification, their typical compositions, and features. Sedimentary rocks form through the weathering of pre-existing rocks, transportation of sediment, deposition in layers, and cementation/compaction over time. They are composed mainly of clay, quartz, calcite and other minerals. Sedimentary rocks include clastic rocks formed from fragments of other rocks as well as chemical and biochemical rocks like limestone and coal. Characteristic features include bedding, mud cracks, ripple marks, cross-bedding and graded bedding.

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    16 views67 pages

    Sedimentary Rocks2

    Uploaded by

    Ali
    This document discusses sedimentary rocks, including the processes involved in their formation from sediment and lithification, their typical compositions, and features. Sedimentary rocks form through the weathering of pre-existing rocks, transportation of sediment, deposition in layers, and cementation/compaction over time. They are composed mainly of clay, quartz, calcite and other minerals. Sedimentary rocks include clastic rocks formed from fragments of other rocks as well as chemical and biochemical rocks like limestone and coal. Characteristic features include bedding, mud cracks, ripple marks, cross-bedding and graded bedding.

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    of 67

    Sedimentary Rocks

    Sedimentary Rocks
    I. Sediment
    A. Introduction

    Sedimentary Rocks
    I. Sediment
    A. Introduction
    B. Process that leads to Lithification

    Sedimentary Rocks
    I. Sediment
    A. Introduction
    B. Process that leads to Lithification
    1) Weathering and Erosion

    Sedimentary Rocks
    I. Sediment
    A. Introduction
    B. Process that leads to Lithification
    1) Weathering and Erosion
    2) Transportation

    Sedimentary Rocks
    I. Sediment
    A. Introduction
    B. Process that leads to Lithification
    1) Weathering and Erosion
    2) Transportation
    3) Deposition

    Sedimentary Rocks
    B. Process that leads to Lithification
    1) Weathering and Erosion
    2) Transportation
    3) Deposition
    4) Lithification

    Sedimentary Rocks
    B. Process that leads to Lithification
    1) Weathering and Erosion
    2) Transportation
    3) Deposition
    4) Lithification
    *cementation and compaction

    Sedimentary Rocks
    II. Composition of Sed. Rocks

    Sedimentary Rocks
    II. Composition of Sed. Rocks
    A. Clay

    Sedimentary Rocks
    II. Composition of Sed. Rocks
    A. Clay (multiple meanings)
    1. size (0.004 mm)

    Sedimentary Rocks
    II. Composition of Sed. Rocks
    A. Clay (multiple meanings)
    1. size (0.004 mm)
    2. Mineralogy

    Sedimentary Rocks
    II. Composition of Sed. Rocks
    A. Clay (multiple meanings)
    1. size (0.004 mm)
    2. Mineralogy
    * kaolinite

    Sedimentary Rocks
    II. Composition of Sed. Rocks
    A.
    Clay (multiple meanings)
    1. size (0.004 mm)
    2. Mineralogy
    * kaolinite
    *illite

    Sedimentary Rocks
    1. size (0.004 mm)
    2. Mineralogy
    * kaolinite
    *illite
    *montmorillonite

    Sedimentary Rocks
    II. Composition of Sed.
    Rocks
    A. Clay
    B. Quartz (SiO2)
    flint, chert

    High Temp
    (1300 C) Olivine

    Ca Plagioclase Feldspar

    Pyroxene

    Ca-Na Plagioclase Feldspar

    Amphibole
    Biotite

    Na-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar


    Na Plagioclase Feldspar

    Orthoclase Feldspar
    Muscovite
    Low Temp
    (600 C)

    Quartz

    Sedimentary Rocks
    II. Composition of Sed.
    Rocks
    A. Clay
    B. Quartz
    C. Calcite (CaCO3)

    Sedimentary Rocks
    II. Composition of Sed. Rocks
    A. Clay
    B. Quartz
    C. Calcite
    D. Other Minerals..

    Sedimentary Rocks
    III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
    A. Detrital (Clastic)

    Sedimentary Rocks
    III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
    A. Detrital (Clastic)
    B. Chemical

    Sedimentary Rocks
    III. Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
    A. Detrital (Clastic)
    B. Chemical
    C. Biochemical

    Sedimentary Rocks
    IV. Morphology (texture)
    A. Definition of texture:
    the size and shape of the particle that
    make up the rock.

    Sedimentary Rocks
    IV. Morphology (texture)
    A. Definition of texture:
    the size and shape of the particle that
    make up the rock.
    B. Size

    Wentworth Scale

    Sedimentary Rocks
    IV. Morphology (texture)
    A. Definition of texture:
    the size and shape of the particle that
    make up the rock.
    B. Size
    C. Shape

    Sedimentary Rocks
    C. Shape
    1. Roundness

    Sedimentary Rocks
    C. Shape
    1. Roundness
    2. Sphericity

    Sedimentary Rocks
    IV. Morphology (texture)
    D. Maturity

    Sedimentary Rocks
    V. Types of Sedimentary Rocks
    A. The Model for clastic rocks

    A.

    The Model

    B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocks


    Breccia
    Conglomerate

    B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocks


    Arkose
    Graywacke
    Quartz Sandstone

    B. Descriptions of individual clastic rocks


    Siltstone
    Shale/Mudstone

    C.

    Chemical and Biochemical Rocks


    Limestones
    Micrite
    Calcarenite

    Limestones
    Chalk
    Coquina
    Fossiliferous

    Limestones
    Oolitic

    C.

    Chemical and Biochemical Rocks


    Limestones
    Dolomites

    C.

    Chemical and
    Biochemical Rocks
    Chert
    Coal (Bituminous)

    C.

    Chemical and Biochemical Rocks


    Evaporites (Halite and
    Gypsum)

    Sedimentary Rocks
    VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks

    VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks


    A. Bedding

    Bedding

    Sedimentary Rocks
    VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks
    A. Bedding
    B. Mud Cracks

    Sedimentary Rocks
    VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks
    A. Bedding
    B. Mud Cracks
    C. Ripple Marks

    Sedimentary Rocks
    VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks
    A. Bedding
    B. Mud Cracks
    C. Ripple Marks
    D. Cross Bedding

    Sedimentary Rocks
    VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks
    A. Bedding
    B. Mud Cracks
    C. Ripple Marks
    D. Cross Bedding
    E. Graded Bedding

    Sedimentary Rocks
    VI. Features of Sedimentary Rocks
    A. Bedding
    B. Mud Cracks
    C. Ripple Marks
    D. Cross Bedding
    E. Graded Bedding
    F. Fossils

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