Thermodynamics of Condensed Phases

1. termodinamika logam

Target
condensed systemsthat is, liquids and solids.
Identify the number of components present, the number of phases
present, the composition of each phase, and the quantity of each
phase from unary, binary, and ternary phase diagramsthat is, apply
the Gibbs Phase Rule.
Apply the Lever Rule to a two-phase eld in a binary phase diagram.
Identify three-phase reactions in binary component systems.
Calculate the free energy and heat of mixing for a simple binary
mixture.
Dene surface energy, and relate it to thermodynamic quantities
such as
Identify the three stages of sintering, and describe how surface
energy drives each process.
Differentiate between adhesion, cohesion, and spreading, and
calculate the work associated with all three.

 Energi dalam / Internal Energy (U)

/\U + /\Ek + /\Ep =Q W
Entalpi (H)
dH = dU + d(PV)
Entropi(S) -- W = work
S = dQrev/T
--Q = heat
Energi bebas Gibbs (G)
dG = dH TdS
Potensial kimia

THERMODYNAMICS OF METALS AND

ALLOYS
Phase Equilibria (kesetimbangan fasa)
in Single-Component Systems
2.1.1.1 Gibbs Phase Rule.
The goal of this section is to predict
what will happen to our element
when it is subjected to changes in
those variables that we can
manipulate, usually temperature and
pressure.

 degrees of freedom = number of intensive variables

number of independent restrictions
F=C+N
Degree of freedom F (derajat kebebasan)
C= jumlah komponen / number of component
= jumlah fasa / number of phase
N= jumlah variabel (number of variable), jika variabel nya
adalah temperatur dan tekanan (pressure) maka N=2
F=C+2
Air / water c=1, =1, N=2 F=1-1+2 =2.
Air gula c=2, =1, f=2-1+2=3

Diagram fasa satu

komponen
Phase Diagram of sulfur,
monoclin (M) , rhombic (R), liquid(L),
vapor(V)

li

Phase Equilibria in BinaryComponent Systems

G

Binary Phase Diagrams

The Lever Rule

Three-Phase Transformations in
Binary Systems