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Emperical Formula
Emperical Formula
Emperical Formula
CHEM 1151L
EMPIRICAL FORMULA OF ZINC CHLORIDE
CAUTION!!!
BE SURE TO WEAR SAFETY GLASSES AT
ALL
TIMES IN THE LABORATORY
NO EXCEPTIONS TO THIS RULE!
EMPIRICAL FORMULA
OF ZINC CHLORIDE
Students will determine
- the empirical formula of zinc chloride by
a process known as synthesis
- the empirical formula from their data
- the empirical formula from the class average
It is best to perform several experiments and obtain average
values for the result
EMPIRICAL FORMULA
- The lowest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound
- the lowest whole number ratio of moles of atoms in a compound
For example
- The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6
- The empirical formula is CH2O
EMPIRICAL FORMULA
Can be determined by the following methods
Analysis
- A compound is broken down into its element
- The mount of each element present is accurately determined
Synthesis
- Prepared from accurately measured amounts of each of its
elements
EMPIRICAL FORMULA
- Determine the mass of each element found in the formula
(may be grams or percentage composition by mass)
- Convert each mass to moles using the atomic masses of the
appropriate elements
- Divide each mole amount by the smallest number of moles
- Round each mole ratio to the nearest integer
- Write the whole numbers as subscripts in the formula
EMPIRICAL FORMULA
Determine the empirical formula of a compound whose composition is
determined to be 74.83% carbon and 25.17% hydrogen
Assume 100.0 g sample
% of each element equals grams
74.83 g
6.231 mol
12.01 g/mol
25.17 g
24.97 mol
1.01 g/mol
6.231 mol
1.000
6.231 mol
24.97 mol
4.007
6.231 mol
1.000 1
4.007 4
Empirical Formula: CH4
ZINC METAL
EVAPORATING DISH
HYCHLORIC ACID
EVAPORATE LIQUID
- Gently warm solution on a
hotplate
- Must be done in the hood
- Avoid spattering
- A white powdery substance (zinc
chloride) will form
CALCULATIONS
- Complete your calculations on the data sheet
- Report the percent by mass of each element to the instructor
before leaving the lab
- The class average is needed to complete the lab report