MNG CC TIU CHUN THIT K

Pile Foundation Design Standard

Tng quan v TCVN 10304:2014

PGS.TS Nguyn Vn Dng

i hc Xy dng
H Ni
December 12-11, 2014

TCVN 10304:2014

Ni dung chnh cp trong bui Seminar:

1. Gii thiu chung v SNiP 2.02.03-85 &
nhng quy nh mi trong phin bn ny
so vi cc phin bn trc;
2. Ni dung chnh ca TCVN 10304:2014

TCVN 10304:2014

3. Nhng iu khon c gia ca SNiP

2.02.03-85 & nhng iu khon khng a
vo TCVN 10304:2014, nhng iu khon v
ch dn chnh sa cho ph hp vi thc t
Vit Nam, c bit l vi cc khoan nhi & cc
barrette;
4. Gii thiu mt s kt qu th nghim nn tnh,
o bin dng cc khoan nhi v cc barrette
nc ta, so snh kt qu nn tnh v kt qu
tnh ton theo TCVN 10304:2014;

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5. Tho lun, trao i vi cc thy c v anh

em ng nghip, mong c nghe kin
ca mi ngi.

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I. Tng quan v TCVN 10304:2014

TCVN 10304:2014 Mng cc Tiu chun
thit k c xy dng trn c s tham
kho SP 24.13330.2011 (SNiP 2.02.03-85)
Mng cc

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1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny c p dng thit k
mng cc ca nh v cng trnh (sau y gi
chung l cng trnh) xy dng mi hoc cng
trnh ci to xy dng li.
Tiu chun ny khng p dng thit k
mng cc ca cng trnh xy dng trn t
ng bng vnh cu, mng my chu ti trng
ng cng nh tr ca cc cng trnh khai
thc du trn bin v cc cng trnh khc
trn thm lc a.

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2.Gii thiu chung

- Trc ht phi ni rng bt c tiu chun no
cng phi nm trong mt h thng thng nht vi
cc tiu chun lin quan khc. Tiu chun SNiP
2.02.03-85 Mng cc c dng ng b vi
cc tiu chun xy dng khc trong h thng tiu
chun SNiP ca Nga. Khi p dng vo Vit Nam
tiu chun ny tng ng vi cc Tiu chun v
TCVN 2737 : 1995 Ti trng v tc ng, TCVN
5574: 2012 Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp
v cc Tiu chun v thit k nn mng v kt
cu cng trnh hin hnh.

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c im ni bt ca tiu chun l nguyn tc tnh ton
thit k theo cc trng thi gii hn xuyn sut mi
bc tnh ton. iu ny khc vi mt s tiu chun
khc ch: i vi vic tnh ton sc chu ti ca cc
theo t th tnh theo ti trng cho php, cn khi tnh
ton kt cu cc th theo trng thi gii hn. C tiu
chun th nguyn tc tnh ton theo ti trng cho php
c dng tnh ton cho c sc chu ti ca cc
theo t v c cho vt liu cc. Nguyn tc tnh ton
theo trng thi gii hn cho c nn v vt liu cc, nh
SNiP 2.02.03-85 c cc nc Chu u p dng
trong EUROCODE 7 cho thy nguyn tc ny c nhiu
u vit.

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- Gi tr sc chu ti cc hn ca cc c quy
nh l gi tr ti trng gy ph hoi cc, khi ti
trng khng tng m chuyn v ca cc c pht
trin. Trong trng hp khng th nghim th
ti n trng thi ph hoi th quy c ly gi
tr ti trng ph hoi ng vi chuyn v ca cc
bng 0.2 Sgh, trong Sgh l ln cho php
ca cng trnh.

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i vi cc loi cc ngn th quy nh trn bo

m cho mng cc n nh v ln di gii hn
cho php. Tuy nhin i vi loi cc di, ring
bin dng do vt liu cc c th ln hn gi
tr ny th quy nh trn cn c xem xt thm
m bo tnh kinh t. i vi cc loi cc
ngn th quy nh trn bo m cho mng cc n
nh v ln di gii hn cho php. Tuy nhin
i vi loi cc di, ring bin dng do vt liu
cc c th ln hn gi tr ny th quy nh trn
cn c xem xt thm m bo tnh kinh t.

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- Trong tiu chun c xt n yu t gim sc

khng ca t khi c ng t. Theo i vi
mt s loi t sc khng s gim i, mc
gim sc khng ca t ph thuc vo cp
ng t v loi t, cp ng t cng cao,
sc khng ca t gim cng nhiu. i vi t
ct, m cng ln sc khng cng gim; i
vi t dnh, st cng tng th sc khng
cng gim nhiu hn.

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II. Nhng quy nh mi trong phin bn SP

24.13330.2011, SNiP 2.02.03-85
- Tiu chun SNiP 2.02.03-85 c ngun gc t
SNIP II-15-78 v trc n l SNIP II-15-74. SNIP
2.02.03-85 c sot xt hai ln. Ln sot xt
th nht c sot xt cng vi tiu chun
SNiP 3.02.01-87 Cng trnh t, Nn v
Mng v lp thnh SP 50-102-2003 B quy
tc v thit k v thi cng cc loi cc khc nhau
trong nhng iu kin a cht cng trnh khc
nhau cho nhng cng trnh xy dng khc nhau.

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Phm vi ng dng ca b quy tc ny vn khng

khc nhiu vi cc tiu chun gc: cng trnh xy
dng mi v cng trnh ci to xy dng li, b
quy tc ny khng p dng cho cc cng trnh
xy dng trong vng ng bng vnh cu, mng
my chu ti trng ng, cng cng nghip du
m v cc cng trnh khc nm trn thm lc a
su qu 35 m. Cc nguyn tc chnh i vi vic
thit k mng cc khng c thay i ln.

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- Ln sot xt th hai ca SNiP 2.02.03-85 vi

kt qu l SP 24.13330.2011 (SNiP 2.02.03-85)
ra i, xc lp cc yu cu v cng tc thit k
mng t nhng loi cc khc nhau trong
nhng iu kin a cht cng trnh khc nhau
cho mi cng trnh xy dng.

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Phm vi ng dng ca b quy tc ny cng l:

cng trnh xy dng mi v cng trnh ci to
xy dng li, khng p dng cho cc cng trnh
xy dng trong vng ng bng vnh cu, mng
my chu ti trng ng, cng cng nghip du
m v cc cng trnh khc nm trn thm lc
a. Tuy nhin trong b lut ny c nhiu thay
i v lng v cht, b sung thm mt s ni
dung mi.

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c im ni bt ca tiu chun SP
24.13330.2011 (SNiP 2.02.03-85) sau t sot
xt ln hai l mt s thay i mt s ni dung
ph hp vi thc t cng tc thit k v thi cng
mng cc, vn dng cc kin thc mi trong
nghin cu, sn xut chuyn ngnh a k thut,
tin hc v cc ngnh khc lin quan. M rng
phm vi ng dng ca tiu chun v.v. Nhng
iu b sung v thay i ng ch l:

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+ V phm vi p dng tiu chun: cn bn ging

nh cc phin bn trc ca tiu chun,
nhng b gii hn chiu su cc 35 m. Cc
bng biu xc nh sc khng ca t di mi
cc v trn thn cc dng cho cc h n bt
c su no.
+ V danh mc cc tiu chun trch dn: danh
sch cc tiu chun c lin quan c cp
nht li, hu ht cc tiu chun ny c
phin bn mi.

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+ V ni dung tiu chun: theo SP 24.13330.2011

(SNiP 2.02.03-85) th trong phin bn mi ny
tiu chun mng cc c thm cc ni dung v
cc yu cu i vi kho st a cht cng trnh;
ch dn thit k loi mng hn hp cc b;
ch dn thit k mng cc cho cc cng trnh ci
to xy dng li, mng cc trong vng cast;
mng cc trong vng t ln st. Trong tiu
chun cng cp nht thm mt s loi cc c
dng nhiu hin nay nh cc barrette, cc khoan
phun. So vi trc th ni dung ca tiu chun
c tng ln, phong ph hn nhiu.

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+ V nguyn tc tnh ton: trong phin bn mi

SP 24.13330.2011 (SNiP 2.02.03-85) c s
thay i v cht: Cc nm trong mng hoc
cc n u phi tnh theo sc chu ti ca
t nn vi iu kin (7.2) trong bn gc:

0 Fd
N
n k

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trong :
N ti trng tnh ton truyn vo cc (lc
dc pht sinh do ti trng tnh ton tc dng
vo mng tnh vi t hp ti trng bt li
nht) xc nh theo iu 7.1.12;
Fd - sc chu ti cc hn ca cc n, sau
y gi tt l sc chu ti ca cc v c
xc nh theo ch dn trong cc iu 7.2 v
7.3;

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0 h s iu kin lm vic, k n yu t tng

mc ng nht ca iu kin nn khi s
dng mng cc, ly bng 1 i vi cc n
v ly bng 1,15 trong mng nhiu cc;
n h s tin cy v mc quan trng ca
cng trnh, ly bng 1,2; 1,15 v 1,1 tng
ng vi mc quan trng ca cng trnh
cp I, II v III;

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k h s tin cy ly bng: 1,2 -1,75, trong k

ly bng 1,2 cho trng hp xc nh sc chu
ti cc theo th nghim th ti tnh, 1,25 cho
trng hp xc nh sc chu ti cc theo kt
qu xuyn tnh v th ti ng cc.
So vi phin bn c, hai h s 0 , n c
thm vo, trong h s n gip cho ngi thit
k a c yu t tm quan trng ca cng
trnh vo trong thit k mt cch nh lng, c
logic.

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Trong phin bn mi, c ni dung chnh v

phn ph lc cng c thay i mt s
ni dung chi tit cp nht c cc kt qu
nghin cu v kinh nghim xy dng. Ring
phn c im thit k trong vng c ng
t cp nht y cho cc thng tin cn
thit trc nh h s chit gim sc chu
ti ca cc khoan nhi khi c ng t.

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III. c im ca TCVN 10304:2014 Mng

cc - Tiu chun thit k
TCVN 10304:2014 Mng cc - Tiu chun
thit k c bin son trn c s tham
kho tiu chun SP 24.13330.2011 (SNiP
2.02.03 85) Mng cc c nhng c im
sau:

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- Cu trc ca tiu chun ny v c bn c lp

theo SP 24.13330.2011 (SNiP 2.02.03 85)
Mng cc.
- Lc bt mt s ni dung khng ph hp vi
iu kin Vit Nam nh: cc khoan phun p lc
cao, cc thp, cc chun, tnh ln cc khoan
nhi theo m hnh tuyn tnh i, thnh phn ln
do p mt di mng khi quy c, ph lc xc
nh sc chu ti ca cc trong nn t ln st,
ph lc v tnh ton mng cc di tc dng ca
bng

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- B sung hoc chnh sa mt s ni dung khc

cho ph hp vi iu kin c th ca Vit Nam
nh: b sung khi nim v cng thc sc chu ti
tnh ton ca cc chu nn, chu ko, b sung
phng php tnh ln theo kinh nghim ca Vesic
(Ph lc B), mt s m hnh mng khi quy c
khc (Ph lc C), cc phng php khc xc nh
sc chu ti ca cc (Ph lc G) . Nhng ni
dung ny khng c trong bn gc ca SP
24.13330.2011 (SNiP 2.02.03 85), nhng
quen dng vi cc nh t vn Vit Nam.

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- B sung quy nh ln gii hn ca nn t SP

22.13330.2011 (SNiP 2.02.01-83 - Ph lc E) do
nhng quy nh v gii hn ln ca nn trong
TCVN 9362 : 2012 cha cp nht c cc
thng tin mi t tiu chun gc (SNiP 2.02.0183). Tuy nhin do nhng quy nh mi v ln
gii hn ca nn mng cng trnh ca SP
22.13330.2011 cha c tiu chun Vit Nam
cp nht nn Ph lc E trong TCVN 10304:2014
ch mang tnh tham kho.

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- S dng cc k hiu v sc chu ti, sc

khng, theo quy c quc t d s
dng, th d dng k hiu Rc,u thay cho Fd;
a loi hnh kho st bng th nghim xuyn
tiu chun vo yu cu kho st a cht
cng trnh, b th nghim cc chun khi yu
cu kho st cho ph hp vi thc t Vit
Nam.

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- Mt s ni dung trong bn tiu chun gc,

nhng khng ph hp vi iu kin Vit Nam
nh: cc loi cc thp, cc hnh thoi, cc
chun; tnh ton bin dng ca cc khoan
nhi theo m hnh tuyn tnh i theo yu
cu ca Hi ng khoa hc B Xy dng,
c loi b khng a vo tiu chun
TCVN 10304:2014 Mng cc Tiu chun
thit k ny.

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-Mt s ni dung mi trong phin bn mi nht SP

24. 13330.2011 (SNiP 2.02.03-85) nhng cha
c kim chng trong iu kin Vit Nam nh:
thnh phn ln ca mng cc do p mt di
y mng khi quy c hay mt s iu thay i
mt phn ni dung nh hnh dng mng khi quy
c cng khng c a vo trong tiu chun
ny m vn s dng m hnh tnh ton mng khi
quy c nh phin bn c.
- a vo nhng ch dn, quy nh mi cho ph
hp vi iu kin Vit Nam nh trnh by trong
phn di y

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IV. Nhng ch dn mi, cp nht iu kin

c th ca Vit Nam trong TCVN
10304:2014
Trong SNIP 2.02.03-85 iu kin (7.2) th hin
iu kin chung cho c cc chu nn v chu ko.
K hiu sc chu ti cc hn khng ging nh
thng l quc t. Hn na khng c khi nim
sc chu ti tnh ton. V vy trong TCVN
10304:2014 Mng cc Tiu chun thit k
chng ti vit li cng thc (7.2) trong bn gc
thnh cc cng thc (2) v (3) nh sau:

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i vi cc chu nn:
N c ,d

0
Rc ,k
Rc ,d ; Rc ,d
;
n
k

i vi cc chu ko:
Nt ,d

Rt ,k
0
Rt ,d ; Rt ,d
n
k

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trong :
Nc,d v Nt,d - tng ng l ti trng nn v ti
trng ko tnh ton truyn vo cc (lc dc
pht sinh do ti trng tnh ton tc dng vo
mng tnh vi t hp ti trng bt li nht)
xc nh theo 7.1.12;
Rc,d v Rt,d - tng ng l sc chu ti trng
nn tnh ton v sc chu ti trng ko tnh
ton ca cc;

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Rc,k v Rt,k - tng ng l tr tiu chun sc

chu ti trng nn v sc chu ti trng ko
ca cc, c xc nh t cc tr ring sc
chu ti cc hn ca cc Rc,u v Rt,u theo cc
mc 7.2 v 7.3 v Ph lc G.

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0 h s iu kin lm vic, k n yu t tng

mc ng nht ca nn t khi s dng
mng cc, ly bng 1 i vi cc n v ly
bng 1,15 trong mng nhiu cc;
n h s tin cy v tm quan trng ca cng
trnh, ly bng 1,2; 1,15 v 1,1 tng ng vi
tm quan trng ca cng trnh cp I, II v III
(xem ph lc G)

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k - h s tin cy theo t ly nh sau:

a) Trng hp cc chu ti trng nn trong mng
cc i thp c y i nm trn lp t tt ly k
= 1,4;
b) Trng hp cc treo chu ti trng nn trong
mng cc i cao, hoc i thp c y i nm
trn lp t bin dng ln, cng nh cc treo hay
cc chng chu ti trng ko trong bt c trng
hp mng cc i cao hay i thp, tr s k ly
ph thuc vo s lng cc trong mng nh sau:

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mng c t nht 21 cc .. k= 1,4;

mng c 11 n 20 cc ..k= 1,55;
mng c 06 n 10 cc ..k= 1,65;
mng c 01 n 05 cc ..k= 1,75.

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CH THCH:
1. Khi tnh ton cc loi cc, lc dc pht sinh trong cc do ti
trng tnh ton N phi tnh c trng lng ring ca cc c k
n h s tin cy lm tng ni lc tnh ton. Tuy nhin,
trong cc php tnh s b, trng lng ring ca cc c th b
qua.
2. Nu tnh ton mng cc cho t hp ti trng c k n ti
trng gi hoc cu trc, th cho php tng 20% ti trng tnh
ton ln cc (tr mng tr ng dy ti in).
3. Nu theo hng tc dng ca ngoi lc, cc lm mng tr
cu cu thnh mt hoc vi hng th ti trng (ng thi hoc
ring l) do hm phanh, do p lc gi v va p tu vo cc
chu ti ln nht, cho php tng ln 10% khi mt hng c 4 cc
v tng ln 20% khi mt hng c 8 cc tr ln. Khi s lng
cc nm khong gia, mc tng ti tnh ton xc nh bng
ni suy.

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- Quy nh xc nh tr s sc chu ti gii hn

ca cc theo kt qu th nghim hin trng
theo h s = 0,2 ln cho php ca cng
trnh, ch dng hiu qu cho cc ngn, i vi
cc di th gi tr ny cha tha ng v cha
k n bin dng n hi ca bn thn cc,
m trong trng hp cc khoan nhi v
barette c chiu di ln bin dng ca bn
thn cc xp x hoc thm ch ln hn gi tr
ln ny.

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- Khi bin son TCVN 10304:2014 Mng cc Tiu chun thit k Ban k thut b sung
im 3 trong phn ghi ch ca iu 7.3.2 cho
php trong nhng iu kin nht nh c th
cng thm phn bin dng n hi ca cc vo
ln ca cc khi xc nh gi tr sc chu ti
ca cc t kt qu th nghim th cc hin
trng. iu ny cho php tn dng c kh
nng chu ti ca cc mt cch ti a, c bit
l trng hp cc khoan nhi c chiu di ln.
iu 7.3.2 c bin tp nh sau:

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Nu ti trng khi th tnh cc chu nn t ti

tr s lm cho ln S ca cc tng ln lin
tc m khng tng thm ti (vi S 20 mm) th
gi tr ti trng cp trc c ly lm tr
ring ca sc chu ti Rc,u ca cc th.
Trong tt c cc trng hp cn li i vi
mng nh v cng trnh (tr cu v cng trnh
thu), tr ring v sc chu ti trng nn ca
cc Rc,u, ly bng ti trng th cc ng vi
ln S c xc nh theo cng thc sau :
S= Sgh

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trong :
Sgh - ln gii hn trung bnh ca mng nh
hoc cng trnh cn thit k v c quy
nh trong TCVN 9362 : 2012 Tiu chun
thit k nn nh v cng trnh, hoc trong
ph lc F ca tiu chun ny;
- h s chuyn tip t ln gii hn trung
bnh sang ln cc th ti tnh vi ln
n nh quy c (ln tt dn).

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H s ly bng 0,2 khi th cc vi ln n

nh quy c bng 0,1 mm sau 1 gi, nu t
di mi cc l ct hay t dnh trng thi t
cng n do cng, sau 2 gi nu l t dnh
trng thi t do mm n chy.
ln n nh quy c cng c th tun theo
quy nh trong TCVN 9393 : 2012.
Nu ln xc nh theo cng thc (7.19) ln
hn 40 mm th tr ring ca sc chu ti ca cc
Rc,u ly bng ti trng tng ng vi ln S =
40 mm.

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i vi cu v cng trnh thu, sc chu ti trng

nn ca cc Rc,u ly thp hn mt cp ti trng
so vi cp ti trng m gy ra:
a) Chnh lch ln sau mt ln cht ti (vi
tng ln t trn 40 mm) ln hn chnh
lch ln sau ln cht ti k trc ti thiu 5
ln.

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b) Ln khng tt dn trong sut mt ngy m v

lu hn (vi tng ln t trn 40 mm). Nu
th cc vi ti trng ti a bng hoc ln hn
1,5 Rc,u (trong Rc,u sc chu ti ca cc tnh
theo cng thc (7.6), (7.10), (7.12) v (7.16),
cn ln ca cc S thp hn tr s xc nh
theo cng thc (7.19), ring i vi cu v cng
trnh thu S < 40 mm, th tr ring sc chu ti
ca cc Rc,u c php ly bng gi tr ti trng
ti a khi kh.

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CH THCH:
1)Trong trng hp ring, khi c y lun c cho php ly ti
trng th cc ti a bng Rc,u.
2) Khi th nghim th tnh cc chu nn, quy nh cp cht ti bng
(1/10-1/15) sc chu ti cc hn Rc,u d tnh ca cc.
3) i vi cc c chiu di ln, nht l khi mi cc cm vo tng
t t b nn, bin dng bn thn cc l ng k, sc chu ti
trng nn ca cc c th ly bng ti trng th cc ng vi ln
S, xc nh theo cng thc (7.19) cng thm phn bin dng n
hi ca cc:
S = Sgh + Se

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trong
Se - bin dng n hi thc t ca cc, c th ly trong khong
Se = (0,2 0,7);

- bin dng n hi ca thanh chu nn ng tm, c m un

n hi E, chiu di L v tit din A bng m un n hi,
chiu di v tit din cc; =QL/EA, trong : Q l ti th
nghim. Phn bin dng n hi ca cc Se mang tnh c
lng. Nu c th nghim o bin dng cc th nn ly gi tr
bin dng cc t s liu thc t o c.
4) Trong mi trng hp bin dng ca mng cc phi tho
mn iu kin (7.5).

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- Cng thc chung xc nh sc chu ti cc

hn ca cc nhi v barrette, tnh theo l
thuyt l:
Rc,u = c ( cq qb Ab + ucf fi hi)

TCVN 10304:2014

Trong SNiP 2.02.03-85 quy nh h s iu kin

lm vic c,f = 1,0 cho cc ng hoc p; c,f = 0,6
cho cc khoan nhi v c,f = 0,5 cho barrette.
Trong nhiu tiu chun khc cng c quy nh
tng t. Tuy nhin, thc t th nghim nn tnh
kt hp o bin dng cc cho thy sc khng ca
t trn thn cc khoan nhi v barette ln hn
nhiu. Trn c s chng ti xut khi tnh
ton d bo sc chu ti ca cc tm ly c,f = 0,81,0 cho cc khoan nhi v barette. Sau khi c kt
qu th nghim th ti cc s iu chnh li cho
chnh xc.

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V. V d tnh ton
Cng trnh qun 7, Tp.H Ch Minh. Cc
khoan nhi ng knh D1200mm, su 85m.
Nn t gm cc lp t sau:

TCVN 10304:2014
TT

Tn lp t

Chiu
dy
(m)

Ma st n
v trn thn
cc fi (kPa)

Ma st n v
tnh ton trn
thn cc c,d fi
(kPa)
c,d =0,6

c,d =1

Ma st n v
trn thn cc fi
theo kt qua o
bin dng ca
cc (kPa)

t lp

1,5

St trng thi chy

12,5

3,6

T 3,2-13,7m
fi =11,6

St do cng

5,5

38

22,8

38

T 13,7-21,2m
fi =39,9

St do mm

10,7

20

16

20

T 21,2-31,9m
fi =25,7

Ct mn ln bi

10,1

60

36

60

T 31,9-42,0m
fi =63,6

St na cng n cng

3,8

100

60

100

St pha do cng

2,4

50

30

50

T 42,0-48,2m
fi =48

Ct pha

6,5

50

30

50

T 48,2-54,7m
fi =45,2

Ct mn, trng thi cht

va

10

70

42

70

T 54,7-62,7m
fi =66,9

10

Ct mn, trng thi cht

1,5

91

54,6

91

T 62,7-73,0m

TCVN 10304:2014

Gi tr sc chu ti cc hn Rc,u ca cc theo

tnh ton v theo kt qu th nghim th ti trnh
by trong bng di y:
Gi tr Rc,u ca cc theo tnh
ton (T)

Gi tr Rc,u ca cc theo th nghim nn tnh

(T)

c,d = 0,6

c,d = 1

S = Sgh = 16mm

S = Sgh + Se = 31,7mm

1205

2270

1600

2400

TCVN 10304:2014

TCVN 10304:2014

TCVN 10304:2014

TCVN 10304:2014

TCVN 10304:2014

VI. Tho lun, trao i