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Evolution OF Management Thought: by Abdel Rahman Morsi 201310035
Evolution OF Management Thought: by Abdel Rahman Morsi 201310035
Evolution OF Management Thought: by Abdel Rahman Morsi 201310035
OF
MANAGEMENT THOUGHT
By Abdel Rahman Morsi
201310035
INTRODUCTION
The term management encompasses an array of different functions
undertaken to accomplish a task successfully.
It is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which
individuals, working to gather in groups, efficiently accomplish selected aims.
There are many approaches for the management varying from a problem to
problem solving style to the change.
Each approach has its own limitations and advantages.
Management is all about getting things done.
ENVIRONMENT FACTORS
The aspects of culture that influence norms
SOCIAL
INFLUENCE and values
The concept to availability, production, and
ECONOMIC
INFLUENCE distribution of resources within a society
The impact of political institutions on
POLITICAL
INFLUENCE individuals and organisations
DIFFERENT APPROACHES
CLASSICAL
BEHAVIOURAL
MODERN
SCIENTIFIC
ADMINISTRATIVE
BUREAUCRATIC
GROUP INFLUENCES
MASLOWS NEED THEORY
THEORY X AND THEORY Y
HAWTHORNE STUDIES
SYSTEM
CONTINGENCY
THEORY Z AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT
CLASSICAL APPROACH
Focuses on the
individual workers
productivity
Focuses on the
functions of
management
Focuses on the
overall
organizational
system
THREE AREAS OF
FOCUS:
TWO MANAGERIAL
PRACTICES:
Task Performance
Supervision
Motivation
Piece-rate-incentive system
Time and motion study
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT:
Henry Gantt and The Gilberths
HENRY
GANTT
Specialized in time and motion studies to determine the most efficient way
to perform tasks.
FRANK Used motion pictures of bricklayers to identified work elements (therbligs)
GILBERTH such as lifting and grasping
BUREAUCRATIC MANAGEMENT
Focuses on the overall organizational system.
Need for organization's to function on a rational basis
Bureaucratic management is based upon:
Firm rules
Policies and procedures
A fixed hierarchy
A clear division of labor
MAX WEBER
FIVE
PRINCIPLES
Division of labor
Hierarchy of authority
Rules and procedures
Impersonality
Employee selection and promotion
ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT
Focused on principles
that could be used by
managers to coordinate
the internal activities of
organizations
8. Centralization
9. Scalar chain
3. Discipline
10. Order
4. Unity of command
11. Equity
5. Unity of direction
12. Stability
13. Initiative
7. Remuneration of personnel
BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH
The behavioural school of management
emphasized what the classical theorists
ignored.
Personalities
THEORY X
THEORY Y
HAWTHORNE EXPERIMENTS
(1924 1932)
HAWTHORNE EFFECT
Workers perform and react differently when
researchers observe them.
Productivity increased because attention was
paid to the workers in the experiment.
Phenomenon whereby individual or group
performance is influenced by human behavior
factors
CONTINGENCY THEORY
There is no One Best Way to manage all the
situations.
AN EXAMPLE OF CONTINGENCY
JOAN WOODWARDs RESEARCH
Discovered that a particular management style
is affected by the organizations technology.
Identified and described three different types of
technology:
Small-batch technology
Mass-production technology
Continuous-process technology