Data Analysis Using

SPSS
t-test

t-test

Used to test whether there is

significant difference between the
means of two groups, e.g.:
Male v female
Full-time v part-time

t-test

Typical hypotheses for t-test:

a) There is no difference in affective
commitment (affcomm) between male
and female employees
b) There is no difference in continuance
commitment (concomm) between male
and female employees
c) There is no difference in normative
commitment (norcomm) between male
and female employees

Performing T-test
Analyze
Compare Means
Independent-Samples T-test

Performing T-test

Select the variables to test (Test

Variables), in this case:
affcomm
concomm
norcomm

And bring the variables to the Test

Variables box

Performing T-test

Select the grouping variable, i.e.

gender; bring it to the grouping
variable box
Click Define Groups

Performing T-test

Choose Use specified values

Key in the codes for the variable
gender as used in the Value
Labels. In this case:
12-

Male
Female

Click Continue, then OK

T-Test: SPSS Output

Group Statistics

affcomm
concomm
norcomm

GENDER OF
RESPONDENT
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE
MALE
FEMALE

N
357
315
357
315
357
315

Mean
3.49720
3.38016
3.18838
3.15159
3.24090
3.27540

Std. Deviation
.731988
.696273
.756794
.666338
.665938
.647409

Std. Error
Mean
.038741
.039231
.040054
.037544
.035245
.036477

T-test: SPSS Output

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances

F
affcomm

concomm

norcomm

Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed

Sig.

1.048

5.353

.656

.306

.021

.418

t-test for Equality of Means

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean
Difference

Std. Error
Difference

95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper

2.116

670

.035

.117040

.055308

.008442

.225638

2.123

666.213

.034

.117040

.055135

.008780

.225300

.665

670

.506

.036788

.055335

-.071863

.145440

.670

669.997

.503

.036788

.054899

-.071006

.144582

-.679

670

.497

-.034500

.050813

-.134272

.065271

-.680

663.726

.497

-.034500

.050723

-.134097

.065096

From the SPSS output, we are

able to see that the means of the
respective variables for the two
groups are:
Affective commitment (affcomm)

Male 3.49720 Female 3.38016

Continuance commitment (concomm)

Male 3.18838 Female 3.15159

Normative commitment (norcomm)

Male 3.24090 Female 3.27540

T-test: Interpretation

For the variable affcomm

Levenes Test for Equality of Variances
shows that F (1.048) is not significant
(0.306)* therefore the Equal variances
assumed row will be used for the t-test.
* This score (sig.) has to be 0.05 or less to be
considered significant.

T-test: Interpretation

Under the t-test for Equality of

Means look at Sig. (2-tailed)
for Equal variances assumed.
The score is 0.035 (which is less
than 0.05), therefore there is a
significant difference between
the means of the two groups.

T-test: Interpretation

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances

F
affcomm

concomm

norcomm

Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed

Sig.

1.048

5.353

.656

.306

.021

.418

t-test for Equality of Means

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean
Difference

Std. Error
Difference

95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper

2.116

670

.035

.117040

.055308

.008442

.225638

2.123

666.213

.034

.117040

.055135

.008780

.225300

.665

670

.506

.036788

.055335

-.071863

.145440

.670

669.997

.503

.036788

.054899

-.071006

.144582

-.679

670

.497

-.034500

.050813

-.134272

.065271

-.680

663.726

.497

-.034500

.050723

-.134097

.065096

T-test: Interpretation

For the variable concomm

Levenes Test for Equality of Variances
shows that F (5.353) is significant
(0.021)* therefore the Equal variances
not assumed row will be used for the ttest.
* This score (sig.) is less
is significant different in
two groups.

than 0.05, so there

the variances of the

T-test: Interpretation

Under the t-test for Equality of

Means look at Sig. (2-tailed) for
Equal variances not assumed.
The score is 0.503 (which is more
than 0.05), therefore there is no
significant difference between the
means of the two groups.

T-test: Interpretation
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of Variances

F
affcomm

concomm

norcomm

Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed
Equal variances
assumed
Equal variances
not assumed

Sig.

1.048

5.353

.656

.306

.021

.418

t-test for Equality of Means

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean
Difference

Std. Error
Difference

95% Confidence
Interval of the
Difference
Lower
Upper

2.116

670

.035

.117040

.055308

.008442

.225638

2.123

666.213

.034

.117040

.055135

.008780

.225300

.665

670

.506

.036788

.055335

-.071863

.145440

.670

669.997

.503

.036788

.054899

-.071006

.144582

-.679

670

.497

-.034500

.050813

-.134272

.065271

-.680

663.726

.497

-.034500

.050723

-.134097

.065096

T-test: Interpretation

For the variable norcomm

Levenes Test for Equality of Variances
shows that F (0.656) is not significant
(0.418)* therefore the Equal variances
are assumed row will be used for the ttest.
* This score (sig.) is more than 0.05, so there
is no significant different in the variances of
the two groups.

T-test: Interpretation

Under the t-test for Equality of

Means look at Sig. (2-tailed) for
Equal variances assumed.
The score is 0.497 (which is more
than 0.05), therefore there is no
significant difference between the
means of the two groups.