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4 Batuan Sedimen
4 Batuan Sedimen
4 Batuan Sedimen
Sedimentary petrology
is the study of the composition and origin of
sedimentary rocks.
Sedimentary petrography
is the description and classification of sedimentary rocks.
The word petrography suggests the study is done using the
petrographic microscope.
Sedimentary Rocks
Two main categories of sedimentary rocks
1. Clastic (aka detrital) rocks
2. Chemical (biogenic, inorganic)
Some generalities
1. Shale 65%, sandstone 15-20%, limestone 10-15%,
others <5%
2. Cover ~75% of land area on continents (including
continental shelf)
Average ~2 km thick on continents
3. <5% crustal volume
4. Oceanic sediments: average thickness ~0.5 km
http://www.volcanoworld.org/vwdocs/vwlessons/lessons/Rocks/Rocks8.html
Non Clastik
Chemical & Organic rocks
Sandstones
Conglomerates
Breccia
Shale/mudston
es
Evaporitic rocks
These rocks are formed
due to evaporation of saline
water (sea water)
eg. Gypsum, Halit
(rock salt)
Carbonate rocks
Organic rocks
Form due to
decomposition of
organic remains
under temperature
and pressure eg.
Coal/Lignite etc.
CLASTIC ROCKS
formed from broken rock fragments weathered
solidify
Clastic rocks
http://www.volcanoworld.org/vwdocs/vwlessons/lessons/Sedrocks/Sedrocks9.html
NONCLASTIC ROCKS
http://www.volcanoworld.org/vwdocs/vwlessons/lessons/Sedrocks/Sedrocks10.html
http://www.volcanoworld.org/vwdocs/vwlessons/lessons/Sedrocks/Sedrocks11.html
Sedimentary rocks
Stratification visible
Bedding
Lamination
Fossils present
Grains or pebbles visible
Sedimentary minerals (e.g. glauconite)
present
Sedimentary structures visible on bedding
planes
Besar Butir :
Pemilahan
Kebundaran
Kemas (fabric)
Porositas
Semen dan Masa Dasar
1. BESAR BUTIR
Ukuran (diameter dari fragmen).
Skala pembatasan yang dipakai adalah skala Wentworth.
sand
&
sandstone
clay, silt
&
mudstone
2. Pemilahan (Sorting)
Pemilahan adalah tingkat keseragaman butir.
Good sorting
Poor Sorting
3. Kebundaran (roundness)
Kebundaran adalah tingkat kelengkungan dari
fragmen/butir.
Angularity or roundness is a
measure of the distance of
transportation
4. KEMAS (FABRIC)
Kemas adalah sifat hubungan antar butir di dalam
5. POROSITAS
Porositas adalah perbandingan antara jumlah volume
STRUKTUR SEDIMEN
Struktur
Cross-Beds (asymmetric)
Bedding Laminations
up
up
Graded Bedding
up
Mud Cracks
up
Mature
No matrix
Moderate-good sorting
Degree of rounding
Supermature
No matrix
Very good sorting
High degree of roundness
Maturity
Maturity