INTEGRAL CALCULUS

BASIC FORMULAS AND PRINCIPLES

1.

the integral of the differential of a given function u is equal to u plus an

arbitrary constant C.
du = u + C
2. the integral of a constant k
k du = k du
A constant k may be written before the integral sign.
3. the integral of the sum of the several functions is the sum of their integrals
(du + dv + + dz) = du + dv + + dz
4. Power Formula:

EXAMPLES
1 .
2.
= +C
=+C
3. =
=
=
=
4.
=

EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMS

EXAMPLES
1.

3.

Let u = v4 + 1

Let u = 4x

du = 4v3dv

du = 4dx

du/4 = v3dv

du/4 = dx
=

2.
Let u = 2t
du = 2dt
du/2 = dt
=

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

EXAMPLES
1 .
let u = cos x
du = - sin x dx
- du = sin x dx
2.
let u = x3
du = 3x2dx
du/3 = x2dx

=
let u = sec
du = sec tan dx
2 du = sec tan dx

Or
let u = tan
du = sec2 dx
2 du = sec2 dx

CASE 1
Example:

Let u = sin 2x
du = 2cos2x dx
du/2 = cos2x dx

CASE 2

/EVEN
Example:

Let u = tan x
du = sec2xdx

CASE 3

Let u = sec x

du = sec x tan x dx

n = 10
n=8
n=6

CASE 4
Example:

1.

2.

INTEGRATION BY PARTS

EXAMPLES

= x ln x x + C
2.
==

ALGEBRAIC SUBSTITUTION
1.
Let u = x3 3
du = 3x2dx

3.
2.

Let u =
du = 3x2dx
du/3 = x2dx

= - + +C

TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTION

substitute u = a/b sin

substitute u = a/b tan

substitute u = a/b sec

EXAMPLES

=
2.
=

APPLICATIONS
Area bounded
y = f(x)
f(x) g(x)

x=a

x=b

y = g(x)

x = g(y)

x = f(y)

f(y)
g(y)

 A =

EXAMPLES
Find the area bounded by the parabola x2 = 4y + 4 and y = x + 2
=
Find the area bounded by parabolas y = -x2 + 6x and y = x2 2x
=
Find the area of the curve r2 = a2 cos 2
=

VOLUMES
Cylindrical Shell Method

Circular Ring Method

CENTROIDS

PAPPUS PROPOSITION

Where = distance from centroid to the axis of rotation

EXAMPLES
Find
the volume of the solid generated when the area bounded by the

curve y2 = x, the x-axis and the line x = 2 is revolved about the x-axis.
=
Find the volume of the solid of revolution obtained by rotation the region R
bounded by the given: y = 2x, x = 1, x = 4, about the x-axis
=
Given the area in the first quadrant bounded by x2 = 8y, the line y = 2
and the y-axis. What is the volume generated when the area is revolved
about the line y = 2
=