Endogenetic processes and

landforms
Group members: Fung Ka Yan (8)
Lau Chui Ying (16)
Wong Ming Kong
(32)
Yeung Ka Wai (38)
Luke Gilbert (45)

Introduction
In this presentation we will talk
about endogenetic processes and
landforms work, and how the earth
movements produce landforms
between the Philippine plate and
Pacific plate.

Endogenetic Processes

The ground we live on is moving all the

time.Endogenetic Forces, are Forces within the earth
that cause the ground to move. Rock layers at the
surface of the earth are broken, twisted and shaken
when the ground moves. Land is destroyed in many
places and created in other places. When the land is
shaped by endogenetic Forces we call this endogentic
processes.
There are 3 main endogenetic processes: folding,
faulting and vulcanicity. They take place mainly along
the plate boundaries, which are the zones that are
not stable. Endogenetic processes cause many major
landform features.

Folding
Folding is one of the endogenetic
processes.When two forces push towards each
other from opposite sides, the rock layers will bend
into folds. The process by which folds are formed
are due to compressional forces known as folding.
There are large-scale and small-scale folds. Largescale folds are found mainly along destructive plate
boundaries.

Faulting

Faulting is the fracturing and displacement of more brittle rock

strata along a fault plane either caused by tension or
compression.
A break in rock along which a vertical or horizontal rock
movement has occurred is called a fault.
The process of forming a fault is faulting.
The line of fault which appears on land surface is known as fault
line. These lines are often lines of weakness which allow molten
rock to rise up onto the earth surface when there is active
volcanic activity nearby.
There are three types of fault which are caused by different
endogenetic forces:
- Normal fault
- Reverse fault
- Tear fault
Faulting forms two major landforms - block mountains and rift
valleys.

Normal fault

Philippine plate

Pacific Plate

Reverse fault

Philippine plate

Pacific Plate

Tear fault

Philippine plate

Pacific plate

Vulcanicity

Vulcanicity (also known as volcanic activity or igneous

activity) is one of the endogenetic processes.
Magma beneath the crust is under very great
pressure. When folding and faulting occur, cracks or
fractures which are lines of weakness. When these
lines of weakness develop downward in the crust and
reach the magma, they will release the pressure in
the magma.
This allows magma to rise up along the lines of
weakness and intrude into the crust. Some magma
may even reach the earth's surface.
There are two types of vulcanicity: intrusive
vulcanicity and extrusive vulcanicity.

Map of active volcanoes, plate

tectonics, and the Ring of Fire

Diagram of Earths Crust

The Philippine Plate collides with the

Pacific Plate

Philippine
plate

Mantle

Pacific
plate

Magma
converges

The Philippine Plate collides with the

Pacific Plate
Sediment is folded
up

Ocean trench forms (Pacific Plate)

Cracks form
Sediment
Philippine Plate
Magma rises
through cracks
Mantle

Pacific Plate

Denser plate subducts

Subducted plate
melts into magma

The Philippine Plate collides with the

Pacific Plate
Volcanic islands
formed as
magma rises up
to the floor

The Philippine Islands formed as a volcanic island arc

Philippine trench

Sediment
Philippine Plate

magma rises
Mantle

Pacific Plate

Conclusion

After this research, we can

conclude that the plates converge,
that is, move towards and collide
with each other when the magma
currents meet.

Reference

Certificate Exploring Geography book 1

CVO Website
Earths Continental Plates