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Communicable Diseases Power Point
Communicable Diseases Power Point
Adults
Melissa G. Lumpkin, PhD, MPH
Chair and Professor
Department of Public Health
School of Public Health
Public Health
Population Based Approaches to
Health
Prevention
Cost effective
Multiple levels
Varied Careers
Customized to get you where you want
to go!
John Snow
7 times a day
When?
1billion
Direct
Person to person
Animal to person
Mother to unborn child
Indirect
Droplet transmission
Particle transmission
Bites and stings
Food contamination
Microbiology
(1)
Smallest
Viruses
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa
Largest
Transmitted by.
Contaminated blood: Harmful microbes can enter your body
through your bloodstream.
Infected food or water: Dangerous microbes can enter
through your mouth if you drink untreated water or swallow
food that's uncooked or unwashed.
Disease-carrying creatures: Harmful microbes can enter
your body through close contact with infected creatures.
Germy air: Dangerous microbes can spread through the air
and enter your nose and mouth when you breathe.
Germs Spread
Strep (bacteria)
Droplets (cough or sneeze); drinking,
eating, kissing
Sore throat, fever, red/swollen tonsils, tiny
red spots on roof of mouth, swollen lymph
nodes in front of neck
Visit doctor
Mononucleosis (virus)
1 in 4
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is most common
but other viruses also cause mono
Spread through bodily fluids, especially
saliva but also blood and semen
4-6 weeks after exposure; may last 4-6
months
Extreme fatigue, fever, sore throat, body
aches, swollen lymph nodes neck/armpits,
swollen liver, spleen or both, rash
Rest, fluids and OTC
Dont
Share utensils or drinking glasses
Toothbrushes
Do
Wash hands frequently
Stay home if you are sick
Cover mouth and nose when sneezing or
coughing
Avoid Stress
Avoid touching your mouth, eyes and nose
Antibiotic Resistant
Infection
1 in 4
STI
Which is the primary means of
spreading HIV infection
(worldwide)?
A. injection drug use
Sex between men
Mother to child transmission
Heterosexual sex
Alcohol
1/3 to stated they participated in sexual activity as a direct
result of being intoxicated
Binge drinkers are more likely to have multiple partners
Sexual assaults are more likely
New Cases
14,100,000
Chlamydia
2,860,000
Trichomoniasis
1,090,000
Gonorrhea
820,000
Genital herpes
776,000
55,400
HIV Infection
41,400
Hepatitis B
19,000
CDC, 2013
Chlamydia
FACTS (bacteria)
Chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually
transmitted infection in the United States.
TRANSMISSION
sexual contact (ejaculation does not have to occur for chlamydia to
spread), it can also spread perinatally from an untreated mother
during childbirth
SYMPTONS
Many people with infection are asymptomatic and lack abnormal
findings upon examination. Estimates state 10% of men and 5-30% of
women with laboratory positive chlamydia test exhibit symptoms.
Common symptoms in women include: discharge, bleeding, urinary
frequency, and cervical motion tenderness.
Common symptoms in men include: pain or burning sensation when
urinating, inflammation or pain around testicles, and white or cloudy
discharge from tip of penis.
Chlamydia can also be found in the throat of men and women having
oral sex, but is not thought to be an important cause of pharyngitis.
Chlamydia
TREATMENT
Chlamydia is diagnosed with a simple
lab test from urine (in men) or a
vaginal swab (in women).
Chlamydia can be easily treated with
antibiotics
Trichomonia
sis
FACTS (parasite)
Caused by infection with a protozoan parasite called
Trichomonas vaginalis
3.7 million people are infected in the U.S. (men and women);
most common non viral.
TRANSMISSION
sex
SYMPTOMS
70% of infected people do not have any signs or symptoms
When symptoms are present it causes itching, irritation, or
redness of the genitals and discomfort with urination
Mothers with Trichomoniasis are more likely to have babies
prematurely and with defects
TREATMENT
For diagnosis a laboratory test must be completed
Can be cured with one dose of antibiotic pills
TwoTrichomonas vaginalisparasites
Gonorrhea
FACTS (bacteria)
Second most common reported
communicable disease
TRANSMISSION
unprotected oral, anal, or vaginal sex
SYMPTOMS
Men: a persistent sore throat; swelling or
pain in the testicles; swelling or redness at
the opening of the penis
Often no symptoms until disease is advanced.
Women: sore throat; pain or burning
sensation while urinating; pain upon
engaging in sexual intercourse
Gonorrhea
TREATMENT
Genital Herpes
FACTS (Virus)
Common in the United States. About one out
of every six people aged 14 to 49 years have
genital herpes
Two types (herpes simplex 1 and Herpes
Simplex 2)
TRANSMISSION
Exchange of fluids (oral, vaginal, anal)
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms do not show often, except for
sores and blisters
TREATMENT
There are no cures, just medicine to reduce
the outbreak
Syphilis
FACTS (bacteria)
Bacteria: Treponema pallidum
Cases: 63,450 new cases in 2014
Stages: Primary, Secondary, Latent, Late State
Syphilis, and Neurosyphilis (infection of the
nervous system; can happen at any stage)
TRANSMISSION
Person to person direct contact with a sore
(chancre). Chancres can occur on the external
genitals, as well as the lips and mouth.
Syphilis
SYMPTOMS
Several Stages of Disease
Primary Stage: symptoms start between 10 and 90 days after
infection. Chancres appear as a firm, round, and painless
sore. Will heal without treatment, but comes back if not
treated. Lack of proper care leads to the second stage.
Secondary Stage: rashes, lesions in mouth and/or genitals.
Rash is not itchy, but has a rough, reddish-brown color
(typically on palms of hands and bottoms of feet)
Latent Stage: the hidden stage still infected, but no
symptoms
Late Stage: occurs in 15% of those who have not been treated.
Symptoms are: Damages internal organs, muscle movement
difficulty, numbness, paralysis, blindness, dementia, and death.
TREATMENT
antibiotics, Penicillin G
NOTE: Syphilis and HIV: Syphilis sores make it easier to transmit HIV.
What happens is that the sores cause a break in the mucous membranes
that protect our bodies from infection.
HIV INFECTION
FACTS (virus)
More than 1.2 million people in the U.S. are living
with HIV, and 1 in 8 dont know it (aids.gov)
TRANSMISSION
contact with infected bodily fluid usually through
sexual behavior and/or needle or syringe use
YOU CANNOT GET HIV THROUGH CASUAL
CONTACT
HIV INFECTION
SYMPTOMS
rash, fever, chills, headache, fatigue, sore throat,
night sweats, loss of appetite, ulcers (mouth,
esophagus, or genitals), swollen lymph nodes, &
muscle aches
Dx: Must get tested to verify you have HIV
infection
TREATMENT
Some drugs are being developed to help increase
quality of life
If left untreated, can lead to AIDS!
Stay safe
Abstinence
Monogamy
Reduce the number of sex
partners
Communication
Safer Sexual Activity
Condoms
Stay safe
Activities to Avoid
Alcohol (binge drinking increases risky sexual
behavior, unintended pregnancy, HIV/STD, car
crashes, violence and alcohol violence).
Have buddy
Bystander Assistance
Drunk consent is not consent 21%
23% Female report unwanted sexual
contact
Multiple Sex Partners
Vaccinations: HPV and Hepatitis B
Get tested
References
http://www.cdc.gov/std/default.htm
PHLT 301 Health Behavior Class Fall
2016