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Busan George Fixed Link Canal Basics of Tunnel
Busan George Fixed Link Canal Basics of Tunnel
Busan George Fixed Link Canal Basics of Tunnel
engineering
Contents
Introduction
History
Classification of tunnels
Size and shape of tunnel
Tunnelling methods
Case study
References
Introduction
HISTORY
Snoqualmie tunnel
CLASSIFICATION OF TUNNELS:
Based on alignment
Based on purpose (road, rail, utilities)
Based on type of material (soft clay vs. hard
rock)
Based on Alignment:
Off-Spur tunnels: Short length tunnels to negotiate
minor obstacles
Saddle or base tunnels: tunnels constructed in
valleys along natural slope.
Slope tunnels: constructed in steep hills for
economic and safe operation.
Spiral Tunnels: constructed in narrow valleys in
form of loops in interior of mountains so as to
increase length of tunnel to avoid steep slopes.
BASED ON PURPOSE
Conveyance Tunnels ( transporting or
carrying something)
Traffic Tunnels
BASED ON MATERIAL
> Tunnels in Hard Rock
> Tunnels in Soft materials
> Tunnels in Water Bearing Soils
(submerged tunnels)
SHAPE OF TUNNEL
D or Segmental section
Suitable for sub-
ways or navigation
tunnel
Additional floor
space
Flat floor for moving
equipment.
Example-Rennsteig
tunnel
Circular Section
Carrying sewage
Effective in resisting
external and internal
pressures
Example- Westtangente
tunnel
Rectangular section
SIZE OF TUNNEL
Classical methods
Cut-and-cover
Drill and blast
Tunnel boring machines (TBMs)
Immersed tunnels
Tunnel jacking
Immersed tunnels:
CASE STUDY
Project
: Handri-niva project
Place
: Katlatapalli village, Madhanapalli
mandal , Chittoor dist. AP.
Purpose
: For transporting of water
Soil type
: Hard rock
Method
: Boomer method used for tunneling in
this case. Boomer method is one of tunnel boring
method. This is easy method and used for small
projects.
REFERENCES: