GAS Migration

Prevention of Annular Gas Migration

Types of Gas Migration

Under-balanced annular fluids:

Influx not controlled prior to cementing
Influx is generally within four (4) hours or less

Cement volume shrinkage during initial setting

phase:
Influx is generally seen in four (4) to twelve (12) hours
after cementing
Problem may be solved if the casing annulus is shut-in for
72 to 96 hours

Types of Gas Migration (cont.)

Stress cracking of the cement sheath:

Influx may occur over a long time period (one month to
two years or more)
Considerable testing is ongoing

Gas Migration Additives

Low Flow Potential

Fluid Loss Control
BJs FL-32, FL-32L, FL-63, FL-63L (generally with BA58, foamed silica)
Dowells D60, D167, D168, D500, D600, D134 - D135
Halliburtons Halad 9, Halad 22A, Halad 344, Halad
567
Modified Job Design
Stage Cementing
Applied Pressure from surface

Gas Migration Additives (cont.)

Moderate Flow Potential

Fluid Loss Control
BJs FL-32, FL-32L, FL-63, FL-63L with BA-58
Dowells D60, D167, D168, GasBlok, (D500, D600, D134 D135)
Halliburtons Halad 9, Halad 22A, Halad 344, Halad 567
Thirtropic
Right-Angle Set
BJs special slurry design
Dowells RFC, D111, Crete Slurries
Halliburtons Gas Stop

Gas Migration Additives (cont.)

Severe Flow Potential

Fluid Control
BJs FL-32, FL-32L, FL-63, FL-63L with BA-58
Dowells GasBlok System
Halliburtons Halad 344, Halad 567
Gas Entrained Slurries
BJs BA-29, Foam Cement
Dowells Foam Cement
Halliburtons Super CBL, Foam Cement

Test Procedures

Regular Fluid Loss Cell

Modified Fluid Loss Cell

Transition Time
Gel Strength Development
0 gel strength
Transition Time (100 to 500 lbs. Per 100 sq. ft.)

Test Procedures (cont.)

Various Gas Flow Models

BJs Gas Flow

Dowells Gas Flow
Halliburtons Gas Flow
Elfs Gas Flow
Shells Gas Flow