Introduction

To
CNC MACHINES
&
ROBOTS

What is mechatronics?
Mechatronics is a term coined by the
Japanese to describe the integration of
mechanical and electronics engineering.

It was fist introduced during the early 1970.

Mechatronics aims at lending better values to
product and system. The comparatives of
mechanical, Electronics and information
engineering are optimized to take full advantage
of the ability of micro electronics to reduces the
demand on mechanical system of a product.

What is mechatronics?
It represent the next generation
machines Robots and smart
mechanisms for carrying and work in a
variety of environmental in the area of
factory automation office automation
and home automation.

As a discipline mechatronics
encompasses,
a) Electronics enhancing mechanics (to
provide high levels of precision and
reliability) Eg: CNC machines, Robots, Bank
teller machines etc,

b) Electronics replacing mechanics (to

provide new functions and capabilities) Eg:
Digital watches, calculators etc.

SCOPE OF MECHATRONICS
Until 1970, most industrial products
machine tools manufacturing equipment,
consumer product, home appliances etc
were
Largely mechanical system with very
limited electrical or electronic content.

SCOPE OF MECHATRONICS
How ever since the 1970 these has under gone a
dramatic change in the techno logics of these
product mainly an increasing content of electrical
and electronic system integrated with the
mechanical parts of the product. Examples of
products which have already moved to
mechatronic technology from simple mechanical
products are:
1) Machine tools such as CNC, FMS, CAD, CAM,
Robot, etc.
Incorporating, electric servo drives, electronic
measuring system, precision mechanical parts
such as ball screws antifriction guide ways etc.

SCOPE OF MECHATRONICS
2) Electrical watches incorporating fine mechanical
parts and sophisticated Electronic circuits.
3) Electronic consumer products.
In the last 20 years the production technology has
seen the introduction of high precision measuring
instruments such as electronic gauges in process
gauges and quality control instrument laser
measuring system etc. to ensure high dimensional
accuracies as well as increased productivities in
the shop floor.

 In the factory automotion mechatronics has

had far reaching effects in manufacturing
and will get even more importance in future.
Low volume, more variety, higher levels of
flexibility, reduced lead time in
manufacturing and improved automation are
the most telling effects of mechatronics
based system.

 The machine tool manufacture are now

being called upon by customers for a total
manufacturing solution rather than supply of
just stand alone machines. Evidently the
design and manufacturing of further
products will involve a combination of
precision mechanical and electronic
systems.

 Technological development in the field of automation.

Conventional machines

NC machines

CNC machines DNC

FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System)

CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing)

CIM

Computer integrated manufacturing is a

terms to describe complete automation with
all process function under computer control.

CIM reduces the human component of mfg

and there by relieves the process of most
expressive and error prone ingredient.

 The implementation of CIM

requires the development of
a whole lot of computer
technologies related to
hardware and soft ware.

CIM HARDWARE:
1) Mfg equipment such as work stations
DNC / FMS work handling and tool handling
devices, Robot storage devices sensors,
shop floor data collection devices etc.

2) Compilers, controllers, CAD / CAM

system workstations, terminals, printers,
plotters, and other peripheral devices
modems coble connections etc.

3)Office equipment such as computers /

terminals poles etc.

CIM SOFTWARE:
1) Management information system
program.
2) Sales program
3) Marketing program
4) Finance program
5) Database management program
6) Design program

CIM SOFTWARE:
7) Analysis program
8) Similarly program
9) Communication program
10) Monitoring program
11) Production control
12) Mfg Area control program

CIM SOFTWARE:
13) Job tracking program
14) inventory control program
15) Order entry program
16) Conveyer Program
17) Process program
18) Mfg facility program.

ROBOTICS
INTRODUCTION:

Robots are programmable machines with

some human like capabilities. They are
automation system made up of mechanical
components a control system and a
computer.

ROBOTICS
Robots are available in a wide variety of
types which vary in their mechanical
configuration Freedom of motion and
drive and control systems. The motion
ability of a Robot is determined by the
degree of freedom and working
envelope provided by its geometric
configuration.

SCARA ROBOT

DEFINITIONS OF A ROBOT:
In general robots can be defined as
programmable and automatic
manipulators. It is a special type of
computer machine that can perform a
wide variety of tasks by using some
human like capabilities.

Two definitions which are adopted by

industry are quoted here.

 It states that a Robot is a device that

performs functions ordinarily ascribed
to human beings, or operates with what
appears to be almost human
intelligence.

Another definition states that Robot

is a programmable, multifunction
manipulator designed to move
materials, parts, tools or special
devices through variable programmed
motions for the performance of a
variety of tasks.

Elements of a Robotic system

A robot is a system made up
of several elements of hard
ware and software.

1. Mechanical components
These provide the physical
robot motion and perform the
various tasks and include the
component of the robot
manipulators.

 a) A manipulator (the base and arm

assembly)
b) End of arm tooling, such as a gripper
or end effectors.
c) Actuators (motors or drives that move
the links of the robot)
d) A power source. (either a motor or pump
or compressor depending on the type of
drive system involved)
e) Transmission elements like belts,
pulleys, ball screws, gearing and other
mechanical components.

2. Control system
The control system is used to
co-ordinate the movements
of the robot. It include

 a) Mechanical, Hydraulic, Pneumatic,

Electrical or Electronic (open loop or
closed loop) controls.
b) Sensors, cameras, amplifiers and
related hardware
c) Equipment interfaces
d) Computer system

 3. This provides the data processing

necessary to program and control the
robot.
It includes
a) Microprocessor
b) User interfaces (eg: Key board,
display)
c) Control software
d) Software to manipulate the robot for
various applications.

 Since robots are designed to

perform tasks that might otherwise
require humans many of their basic
features are like those of a human
arm. They have controlled
appendages ( arm, hand and wrist)
to read, grasp and move objects.

Need for Using Robots

Robots are being used
increasingly in manufacturing
applications. They have a
number of advantages.