Provide examples for each

Emergency: hemmorrhage
Urgent: ruptured appendix or ovarian cyst
Required: surge needed in upcoming weeks, cholecystectomy, cataracts
Elective: hernia repair
Optional: cosmetic
I

hemmorahage, intestinal obstructions, cerebral edema

II

ruptured appendix, compound fracture, ovarian cyst, blocked bile duct

III

cataracts, Knee replacement

IV

hernia repair,

cosmetic surgery.

The Pre Operative checklist provides the nurse with a tool to ensure that all preparatory work has been completed prior
to patients surgery
Have students suggest what items might appear on the checklist within each of the categories.

It is important that nurses within the operatng theatre understand the stages of anesthesia. It is your responsbility to
be able to identify nursing interventions during each stage
I: Noises are often exaggerated, patient will begin to feel a sense of detachment
II: patient may struggle, restless, pupils dilate, pulse increases may be avoided if anesthetic admin properly
III:Patient unconscious and lies quietly on table. Can range from light to deep anesthesia.
IV: Too much anesthesia medullary functions depressed resp shallow, pupils weak, cyanosis

Anesthesia is usually achieved by a combinations of

these 2 methods

Hypoxia due to insufficient respiration

Hypthermia: have students identify reasons why hypothermia may develop
Malignant hyperthermia: inherited, Calcium in muscle cells is not managed properly results in symptoms like
hypermetabolism. S and S: tachycard,vent arrhythmia, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, rigidity of muscle
especially the jaw temp increase is a late sign.
DIC:unknown cause: thrombus formation

The primary areas of focus are those that the nurse

focused on Pre Operatively with the patient.