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Almost Done BIO PROJECT
Almost Done BIO PROJECT
Almost Done BIO PROJECT
Drugs
Any substance, other than food, used in the
prevention, diagnosis, all aviation or treatment
of a disease is called a drug. Drug is also
known as a medicine. Generally, the term
drugs applied to any stimulating or depressing
substance that can be habituating or addictive.
A drug, broadly speaking, can be categorized
Classification of Drugs
There are a large number of drugs on which people
become dependent. These are classifies into four major
groups: sedatives and tranquillizers, opiate narcotics,
stimulations and hallucinogens.
Type of Drug
1. Sedatives
and
Tranquillizers
2. Opiate Narcotics
3. Stimulants
4. Hallucinogens
Effect
Examples
Dep
res ates,
s CNS activity give
feeling
of Calmness,
relaxation, drowsiness.
Suppress brain activity
and relaxed pain
Barbitu
r
Benzodiazepines.
Opiu
m,
Morphin
e,
Codeine,
Heroin.
Mak
e a tamine
person more wakeful,
s,
alert and active, cause
Cocain
excitement.
e.
Ma
ke ,
psilocybi
a person more wakeful,
n,
perceptions.
Ganja,
chares,
Hashish.
Amph
e
Caffei
ne,
LSQ
Mescaline,
1. Heroin:
Commonly used as smack Heroin is chemically
diacetylmorphine which is a white, odorless, bitter
crystalline compound. This is obtained by acetylation of
morphine which is extracted from latex of poppy plant
Papaver somniferum. Generally taken by snorting and
injection, heroin is a depressant and slows down body
function.
2.Cannabinoids:
3.Cocaine:
It is obtained from coca plant Erythroxylum coca, native
to South America. It interferes with the transport of the
neurotransmitter dopamine. Cocaine, commonly
called coke or crack is usually snorted. It has the
potent stimulating action on central nervous system,
producing sense of euphoria and increased energy.
Excessive dosage of cocaine causes hallucinations.
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS
Loss of appetite
LONG-TERM EFFECTS
Permanent damage to blood vessels of
ear and brain, high blood pressure,
leading to heart attacks, strokes and
death
Liver, kidney and lung damage
Respiratory failure
Infectious diseases and abscesses if
injected
Malnutrition, weight loss
Auditory and tactile hallucinations
Sexual problems, reproductive damage
and infertility (for both men and
women)
Disorientation, apathy, confused
exhaustion
Irritability and mood disturbances
Increased frequency of risky behavior
Delirium or psychosis
Severe depression
Tolerance and addiction (even after just
one use)
TOBACCO
Tobacco
Sources:
It is a native of South Africa, where the Red Indian
first started smoking. Now the tobacco plant has
spread the world over. It has large, quote to Lancelot
leaves and terminal clusters of tubular, white or pink
flowers.
Modes of Use:
Tobacco is used for smoking, chewing and snuffing.
Its main
stimulating component is poisonous
volatile alkaid nicotine, which causes addiction.
Nicotine synthesis occurs in the roots of the plant
but it is stored in the leaves. The leaves contain 2 to
8% nicotine. Inhaling tobacco smoke from cigars,
cigarettes, biddies, pipes and hubble-bubble is
called smoking. Cigar is a roll of tobacco leaf.
Cigarette is cut tobacco wrapped in paper. Bidi is
tobacco wrapped. In a piece of leaf. Tobacco smoke
is drawn directly from pipe and through water is
hubble-bubble. Smoking may give some temporary
relief to the strained nerves but in the long run it
proves a dangerous health hazard. The quantity of
nicotine contained in one cigar may prove fatal if
injected intravenously into a person. When smoked
only 10% of the smoke is inhaled. Hence, no
Effect of Nicotine:
Nicotine is a low concentration.
(i)Stimulates conduction of nerve impulses.
(ii)Relaxes the muscles.
(iii)Releases adrenaline, increasing heart beat rate
and pressure.
(iv)Increased blood pressure due to smoking chances
the risk of heart diseases.
(v)Retards fetal growth in expecting mothers and
(vi)Causes tobacco addiction. High concentration of
nicotine paralyses nerve cells.
is annoying to others: