PNEUMATI

C
INTRODUCTION
IS FLUID POWER SYSTEM THAT USES COMPRESSIBLE AIR
USUALLY USED TO POWERED AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT, CABIN PRESSURIZATION, ANTI-
ICING/DEICER BOOTS AND GENERALLY FOR BACK UP SYSTEM FOR LANDING GEAR , BRAKES, FLAPS
AND OTHER SUBSYSTEM IN THE EVENT OF HYDRAULIC FAILURE
THE PRINCIPLE OF PNEUMATIC SYSTEM IS THE SAME WITH HYDRAULIC BUT WITH ONE EXCEPTION
THAT IS, AIR ARE COMPRESSIBLE AND THEREFORE THE PRESSURE IN THE SYSTEM CAN REDUCE
GRADUALLY FROM THE MAXIMUM SYSTEM PRESSURE TO ZERO PRESSURE
AIR IN THE PNEUMATIC SYSTEM HAVE TO BE KEPT CLEAN BY MEANS OF FILTER AND ALSO BE KEPT
FREE FROM MOISTURE AND OIL DROPLET OR VAPOR
THEREFORE, LIQUID SEPARATOR AND CHEMICAL DRYERS ARE INCORPORATED IN THE SYSTEM
WHICH MOISTURE IN PNEUMATIC SYSTEM WILL FREEZE IN LOW TEMPERATURE AT HIGH ALTITUDES
AND COULD CAUSE SERIOUS SYSTEM MALFUNCTION
AN IMPORTANT FEATURE THAT BEING POSSESSED BY PNEUMATIC SYSTEM IS THAT THERE IS NO
NEED RETURN LINE, BECAUSE AFTER THE COMPRESSED AIR HAS SERVED ITS PURPOSE IT USUALLY
BEING DUMPED OVERBOARD WHICH REQUIRES NO ADDITIONAL TUBING, FITTING AND VALVES
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Air is universal in an Small leakage is hard to be detected
inexhaustible In high pressure system, the system cannot
supply
be recharge in flight
Units are reasonable simple
Does not allowed continuos
and
operation/limited operation by means of air
lightweight
supply
Compressed air as a fluid is
Large volume of air to moved large
light
components (as air is compressible)
weight and since there is no
return Not suitable for heavy or large working
system is required, weight is function
save
Relatively free from
temperature problem
No fire hazard and the danger
of explosion are minimized by
careful design and operation
Contamination can be
minimized by means of proper
filter installation
 PNEUMATIC SYSTEM

MEDIUM
HIGH PRESSURE LOW PRESSURE
PRESSURE
PNEUMATIC PNEUMATIC
PNEUMATIC
SYSTES SYSTEM
SYSTEN
HIGH PRESSURE PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
Working pressure ranging from 1000psi Have a disadvantage that cannot be
to 3000psi depending on the particular recharge in flight and does not allowed
system requirement continuous operation

Usually being stored in metal bottles Sometimes incorporated with

permanently
Pressure bottle that incorporated with
two valves
One valve is call charging valve that
allow a ground operated compressor
to be connected to it, to add air to the
bottle
installed air compressor for the purpose
of recharging air bottle
Compressor used usually have 2 or stage
of compression
The compressor associate usually powered
by electric motor or aircraft engines

The other valve call control valve which

act as a shutoff valve, by means of keeping
air trapped inside the bottle until the system
is required to be operated
Working pressure ranging from
100psi to 150psi Does not include an air
bottle

Gained the source of bleed

Used to providing air
air from the turbine engine for engine starting and
compressor section for pressurizing and
controlling the
MEDIUM PRESSURE
temperature of the air
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
in the aircraft cabin

Engine bleed air will

be routed to the
pressure controlling
unit then directed to Some aircraft used the system which gets
the desired operating the compressor bleed air from the engine
unit at a low pressure to heat the leading edge
of the wing from the formation of ice (de-
icing boots)
 Generally used as back up instrument
L P
(primary gyro instrument), when the primary
O R gyro are electrically driven.
W E
S Used together with an engine driven vacuum pump to
S evacuate the instrument case and filter air was pulled
U into the instrument to spin the gyro
R
E Turbine powered aircraft, bleed the pressure from the
engine compressor, regulate and filter it before directs
its over the gyros

Reciprocating aircraft uses air pumps driven by

electric motors or by the aircraft engine to provide
airflow to the gyros

There are two types of vane type pumps being

used to provide instrument airflow : 1) wet
2) dry
 WET vacuum pump

Uses a steel vane moving in cast iron

housing, sealed and lubricated by
engine oil
Oil is discharge with the air and is
removed by an oil separator before the
air is used for either inflating the deicer
boots or is pumped overboard

DRY vacuum pump

Uses a carbon vane and rotors

Major on modern aircraft
No need external lubricant, which is carbon material acts as a lubricator
One basic problem with the pump is that the carbon vanes are easily broken or damage
by any contaminants entering the pump
It is important that all air is taken into these pump must be filtered and when servicing
is perform, no contaminants be allowed to enter
RELIEF VALVE CONTROL VALVE
Used as a preventing damage components A necessary part of a typical
Acts as a pressure limiting units & prevents pneumatic system
excessive pressure from busting lines and Used to control the amount of
blowing out seals air pressure in operating a
If excessive pressure detected, the forces subsystem
crated overcome the spring tension and Have; 3 port housing
open the relief valve 2 poppet valves
The excess air flow through the valve and is 1 control lever
exhausted as a surplus air into atmosphere 2 lobes

VALVE SHUTTLE VALVE

CHECK VALVE
Used both in hydraulic & pneumatic system
Only allow one direction of air flow &
prevents the direction to other directions
In operation; air enter one port of the check
valve compress the light spring tension
forcing the check valve
Acts as t allow pneumatic sources to
operate from ground source
The valve is isolates the compressor
when the pressure from external is
than the compressor, when the engine
is not running
Also used to provide an emergency
pneumatic back up for hydraulic if
failure
 RESTRICTOR
Classified as a control valve in
pneumatic system
Consists of an orifice with a large inlets
port and a small outlet port
The small outlet port reduces the rate
of airflow and the speed of operation
of an actuating unit
VARIABLE RESTRICTOR
Speed regulating unit in pneumatic
system
Consists of adjustable needle valve,
which has threads around the top and
a point on the lower end
FILTER
A. Used to protect the system against
dirt and contaminants
B. A micronic filter consists of housing
with two ports. A replaceable filter
catridge and relief valve
C. A screen filter similar to micronic but
has a permanents wire screen filter
DESSICANT/MOISTURE SEPERATOR
In pneumatic system, compressed air will condense and will
freeze when the pressure of air is drop for actuation
For this reasons every bit of water must be removed from
the air
Moisture separator collects the water that is the air on a
baffle and holds it until the system shut down
About 98% of water traces is being removed bye the
moisture separator
Another 2% are removed by dessicant or chemical dryer
The cartridge is replaceable and consists of dehydrating
agent (MIL-D-3716) and incorporates a bronze filter at each
end