Professional Documents
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Borobudur Environment
Borobudur Environment
PROTECTION
Background
Different types of port pollution
The environment and its cost
Environmental protection policy
BACKGROUND
AWARENESS
Environment should be
3 PILLARS
Economic development
Environmental protection
Equitable sharing of benefits and costs
International Organisations
A. UNCTAD
Structural
Operational
Accidental
TYPES OF PORT POLLUTION - 2
Water
Soil
Atmosphere
- Dangerous goods
Explosion
Fire
Soil pollution
Health
Noise
4. By storage of cargoes
- Dust
- Leakage / degradation
Water
Soil
Dock bottom
- Odours
5. By maintenance of
facilities/equipment
- Dredging
- Maintenance of ships
Explosions
Anti-fouling paints
6. By building of harbour facilities
- Atmospheric pollution
Noise
Emissions
- Cooling water
- Soil pollution
- Dumping sites
- Traffic
8. By activities in port-city interface
- Accumulation of effects
- Road congestion
- Noise
- Air pollution by fumes
- The requirements of residential areas
- green areas
- Limits to congestion/noise
THE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS COSTS
- Cost of damage
- Cost of protection
- Notion of RISK
COST OF DAMAGE
CLASSIFICATION CRITERIA
- Wind
- Intensity
- Composition
- Frequency
- Height
PARAMETERS
B. Water
= principal concern for ports
- Currents
- Type of pollution
- Adhesion to soil
- Stability
PARAMETERS
C. Soil
= contamination of soil, ground water
- Composition
- Ground water currents
- Adhesion
CALCULATION OF COSTS
Accidental costs
- Can happen any time
- Serious impact
- (fire, explosion, oil spills, )
- Long term damage
- Constant in time
- Due to operations
- Individual minor contamination
- Cumulative effect
- (dust, smoke, emissions,)
Scope
- Monetary terms
- Past experiences
RISK = FREQUENCY X SCOPE
COST OF PROTECTIVE MEASURES
- Legal measures
- Investments
- Operational restrictions
- Monitoring
costs
DIRECT COSTS
- Commercial losses
- Reputation
e.g. (Green Award)
Protection Examples
A. Water
B. Atmosphere
- filter installations
- eliminating dust
sprinkling devices
watering carts
construction of verges
quick-growing trees
sprays
covered belts
DECISION
COST OF PROTECTION
COST OF DAMAGE
DEGREE OF PROTECTION
- The more we want zero pollution
pollution
SUMMARY TABLE
(see page 41 of manual)
- Interesting exercise
- Mostly approximations
- Priorities
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
POLICY
2. Co-ordination unit (focal point)
- Strategic plan
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
POLICY
4. Legal framework
- Legislation: international
regional
national
- International guidelines: IMO, PIANC, IAPH
- Own port regulations
- Make your own compilation
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
POLICY
5. Planning the port layout
- Keep it simple
- Qualified persons
- International agreements
e.g. MOU on Port State Control
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
POLICY
8. Emergency Intervention Plan
- Change attitudes
- Improve capabilities
- Awareness
- Responsibility
Terimakasih