Magnetizing inrush current is a transient current that flows when a transformer is energized. It can be up to 10 times the rated current of the transformer and lasts for a few milliseconds. While high, it does not typically damage transformers. However, it can cause issues like fuse interruptions, arcing of primary components, and noise injection back into power lines. Transformer connections include star, mesh, open delta, zig-zag, T connections, autotransformers and multi-winding transformers, with star/star and mesh/mesh being common and economical options.
Magnetizing inrush current is a transient current that flows when a transformer is energized. It can be up to 10 times the rated current of the transformer and lasts for a few milliseconds. While high, it does not typically damage transformers. However, it can cause issues like fuse interruptions, arcing of primary components, and noise injection back into power lines. Transformer connections include star, mesh, open delta, zig-zag, T connections, autotransformers and multi-winding transformers, with star/star and mesh/mesh being common and economical options.
Magnetizing inrush current is a transient current that flows when a transformer is energized. It can be up to 10 times the rated current of the transformer and lasts for a few milliseconds. While high, it does not typically damage transformers. However, it can cause issues like fuse interruptions, arcing of primary components, and noise injection back into power lines. Transformer connections include star, mesh, open delta, zig-zag, T connections, autotransformers and multi-winding transformers, with star/star and mesh/mesh being common and economical options.
Magnetizing inrush current is a transient current that flows when a transformer is energized. It can be up to 10 times the rated current of the transformer and lasts for a few milliseconds. While high, it does not typically damage transformers. However, it can cause issues like fuse interruptions, arcing of primary components, and noise injection back into power lines. Transformer connections include star, mesh, open delta, zig-zag, T connections, autotransformers and multi-winding transformers, with star/star and mesh/mesh being common and economical options.
current which is drown by a transformer at the time of energizing the transformer. This current is transient in nature and exists for few milliseconds. The inrush current may be up to 10 times higher than normal rated current of transformer. Although the magnitude of inrush current is so high but it generally does not create any permanent fault in transformer as it exists for very small time. Effects of high inrush include fuse or breaker interruptions, arcing and failure of primary circuit components, such as switches. necessitate over-sizing of fuses or breakers. injection of noise and distortion back into the mains. At steady state During switching Transformer connections Star and mesh (very commonly used) Vee Open delta connections zig-zag connections T connections auto transformer connections multi winding transformers Star/star (Yy)connection Most economical one for small high voltage transformers. Insulation cost is highly reduced. Neutral wire can permit mixed loading. Triplen harmonics are absent in the lines because of neutral wire. A tertiary mesh connected winding may be required to stabilize the oscillating neutral due to third harmonics in three phase banks. Mesh/mesh (Dd) This is an economical configuration for large low voltage transformers. Large amount of unbalanced load can be met with ease. Mesh permits a circulating path for triplen harmonics thus attenuates the same. It is possible to operate with one transformer removed in open delta or Vee connection meeting 58 percent of the balanced load. Three phase units cannot have this facility. Mixed single phase loading is not possible due to the absence of neutral. Star/mesh(Dy or Yd ) This arrangement Very common for power supply transformers. The delta winding permits triplen harmonic currents to circulate in the closed path and attenuates them.
Zig zag/ star (ZY)
Zigzag connection is obtained by inter connection of phases. 4-wire system is possible on both sides. Unbalanced loading is also possible. Oscillating neutral problem is absent in this connection. A bank of three single phase transformers cost about 15% more than 3-phase single unit They occupy more space. The spare capacity cost will be less Single phase units are easier to transport. Zig-zag connection Advantages of zig-zag connection The neutral formed by the zigzag connection is very stable. Therefore, this type of transformer can be used for establishing a neutral for an ungrounded 3 phase system. less costly than Y-D and Scott Transformer, for grounding purpose Third harmonic suppression: In power systems to trap triple harmonic (3rd, 9th, 15th, etc.) currents. Zigzag units can be installed near loads that produce large triple harmonic currents. The windings trap the harmonic currents and prevent them from traveling upstream, where they can produce undesirable effects. Ground current isolation: If a neutral is needed for grounding or for supplying single-phase line to neutral loads when working with a 3-wire, ungrounded power system, a zigzag connection may be the better solution. Due to its composition, a zigzag transformer is more effective for grounding purposes because it has less internal winding impedance going to the ground than when using a Star type transformer. No Phase Displacement: There is no phase angle displacement between the primary and the secondary circuits with this connection; therefore, the -zigzag connection can be used in the same manner as Y-Y and - transformers without introducing any phase shifts in the circuits Applications: Earthling Reference, Grounding Transformer. Zigzag configurations are rarely for typical industrial or commercial use, because they are more expensive to construct than conventional Star connected transformers. But zigzag connections are useful in special applications where conventional transformer connections arent effective. D or Y / Zig-zag are used in unbalanced low voltage system mostly with single phase appliances Tertiary winding in power transformer It reduces the unbalancing in the primary due to unbalancing in three phase load.
It redistributes the flow of fault current.
Sometime it is required to supply an auxiliary load in
different voltage level in addition to its main secondary load. This secondary load can be taken from tertiary winding of three winding transformer.
As the tertiary winding is connected in delta
formation in 3 winding transformer, it assists in limitation of fault current in the event of a short circuit from line to neutral. Open Delta Open delta (V connection) not the commonly used. Typically they would be used for small loads where cost is important. Alternatively, they could be used as an emergency measure, should one winding only of a transformer fail. will only deliver 57.7% of the power of a conventional transformer Three phase to two phase transformation-Scott connection Need to transform from three phases to two phases: To give a supply to an existing two phase system from a three phase supply. To supply two phase furnace transformers from a three phase source. For traction purpose
The Scott-connected transformer and V-connected single-phase transformer
are effective in reducing voltage imbalance on the transmission netw 3 phase- single phase 3 phase 6 phase As 6-phase is preferable to 3-phase for rectification, there are many 6- phase rectifiers and some 12-phase rectifiers in larger installations. Tap Changing Tap is a flexible/ movable joint either on the primary or the secondary of the transformer to produce variable voltage.
Since power transformer are of large power
rating , its better to have tap changer on HT side that results in low current flow in taps as compare to on LV side. It provide better regulation to transmission line . Provide protection and avoid circulation current in transformer.