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J1939Training Rev2
J1939Training Rev2
J1939Training Rev2
Agenda
Basic Training: J1939 Vocabulary
Basic Training: Monitoring
Basic Training: Control
Basic Training: Tools / Information
Advanced: J1939 message breakdown
Advanced: J1939 diagnostic messages
Advanced: J1939 multiplexing
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
1
J1939 Training
Vocabulary:
Datalink: Term used to describe how devices
communicate with each other also referred to as a
network.
Bit: One binary value. A 1 or 0
Byte: 8 bits put together. Ex: 00000001
Bit Field: Number of bits which are grouped
together
CAN Data Frame: Series of ordered bit fields
Vocabulary (cont.)
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC): Error
control mechanism used to detect when a
message was corrupted during transimission.
Data Field: 0-64 bit field in the CAN data
frame which contains the actual data such as oil
pressure or coolant temperature as defined in
J1939/71 standard.
Vocabulary (cont.)
Destination Address: Address of who is suppose
to receive the message. (not included in all J1939
messages)
Global Address is 255 or FF hex
Device: Any physical component which listens
to or sends information out on the J1939
datalink.
Electronic Control Unit: same as a device
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Training
Vocabulary (cont.)
End of Frame: 7 bit field which marks the end of a
CAN frame
Extended Frame: A CAN frame which contains a 29
bit identifier as defined in the CAN2.0B standard.
Note: J1939 allows both 11bit and 29 bit Identifers to
coexist on the same network.
Frame: A series of data bits making up a complete
message. The frame contains several bit fields
Start of End of
Frame Bit Frame Bit
ACK
Field
Header # of bytes 8 bytes of actual data CRC
4 bits
Used
Priority # representing
Actual data you are for
PDU Format numbers
trying to send Error
Source Address 0-15
Checking
typically 8
Vocabulary (cont.)
Message: One or more CAN data frames which
transfer a complete piece of information to other
devices on the datalink.
Multipacket Message: Messages which require
multiple CAN data frames. These are handled by
the transport protocol.
Protocol: A protocol is the language of how to
communicate between devices.
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Training
Vocabulary (cont.)
Parameter Group Number (PGN): a 24 bit
identifier used to identify a message which
contains a particular group of parameters.
Parameter Group: A collection of parameters
that are conveyed in a J1939 message.
PDU1 Format: Format used when specifying a
destination address
Vocabulary (Cont.)
Suspect Parameter Number (SPN): The
particular element which is having a problem.
This is used in the fault codes to tell us which
part is having a problem. (Sensor, ECM, etc..)
Failure Mode Identifer (FMI): Used to say how
a particular SPN has failed.
Layer
Number
7 Application Application
6 Presentation Presentation
5 Session Session
4 Transport Transport
3 Network Network
2 Data Link Data Link
1 Physical Physical
Physical Transmission Media
Presentation Layer
Data encryption, data compression, etc...
Application Layer
Whatever is left over from other layers.
Request
Only
Data
Broadcast
Data
CAN ESD
Serial Transceiver
Micro Protection
Communications
( 68332 ) Circuit
Controller
Backbone
Dynamic Addressing
Each ECM on the network takes on an address
at startup. The specific address may be
different from startup to startup.
Cummins does not support dynamic
addressing; therefore, make sure each
device on the datalink has a unique address.
Troubleshooting
First check the termination resistors.
Measure resistance between CAN_H and CAN_L.
Resistance should be approximately 60 ohms. If
you have a small backbone like in the EA options,
this may be closer to 120 ohms.
Check for frame errors
Using CANalyzer or other tool, monitor the J1939
datalink to see if any frame errors are recorded.
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting (cont.)
Monitor broadcast parameters using CANalyzer
For multiplexed parameters, verify that the
OEM / DOEM is sending the correct source
address in the message.
Unplug other devices from the datalink so only
the PC and ECM are on the network.
Tools
Protocol analyzer
Must have a protocol analyzer to develop a datalink
interface.
Must have the J1939 standard unless customer
already has good familiarity with CAN 2.0B
protocol.
CANalyzer
In North America contact: Vector CANtech Inc.
(248) 449-9290
Matt Palmer
Outside America contact:
49-711-80670-505
Lother Felbinger
Approximate Cost:
Software: $2,700
Hardware: $1,185
Jpro
Cummins owned distributors: Software available
through engineering tools (see intranet site:
etools.ctg.cummins.com) Hardware available through
Industrial Communication Technologies.
North America: call (978) 499 - 9271
Outside North America: 49 89 46 1090
Appoximate costs: $910
Non Cummins owned distributors: Software is NOT
available through engineering tools. Recommend
CANalyzer
Jpro support from manufacturer ends 12/01.
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Tools
Start of End of
Frame Bit Frame Bit
ACK
Field
Header # of bytes 8 bytes of actual data CRC
4 bits
Used
Priority # representing
Actual data you are for
PDU Format numbers
trying to send Error
Source Address 0-15
Checking
typically 8
time CAN Rx # of
Serial or Data
Input # TX Bytes 8 bytes of data represented
29 bit header in hexadecimal
0 C F 0 0 3 0 0
Conversion Formula:
Accelerator Pedal Position % = Raw Counts * Resolution + offset
Data Byte 2 which represents
Example: the accelerator pedal position
From CANalyzer:
0.1000 1 0CF00300x Rx d 8 7D E0 2E 7D FF FF FF FF
Conversion Formula:
Example: Data
Byte 1
From CANalyzer:
0.1000 1 0CFEEE00x Rx d 8 7D E0 2E 7D FF FF FF FF
0000 0101 1111 1111 0000 0000 0100 1111 0010 0011 1000 0010 1111 1111 1111 1111
Lamp Reserved SPN FMI S Occurrence
Status P Count
N
0000 0101 1111 1111 0111 1001 0000 0010 0000 0011 0000 0010 1111 1111 1111 1111
Lamp Reserved SPN FMI S Occurrence
Status P Count
N
SPN
Cummins Fault Code
FMI Example:
Fault Code SPN FMI
131 91 3
Note: Cummins has some SPN / FMI combinations which point to two different
fault codes. Usually the fault codes are related such as low oil pressure
(FC143) and very low oil pressure (FC415).
FMI codes
FMI Code Description
0 Data Valid but above Normal Operating Range
1 Data Valid but below Normal Operating Range
2 Data Erratic, Intermittent or Incorrect
3 Voltage above Normal or Shorted to High Source
4 Voltage below Normal or Shorted to Low Source
5 Current below Normal or Open Circuit
6 Current above Normal or Grounded Circuit
7 Mechanical System Not Responding or out of adjustment
8 Abnormal frequency or pulse width or period
9 Abnormal Update Rate
10 Abnormal Rate of Change
11 Root Cause Not Know
12 Bad Intelligent Device or Component
13 Out of Calibration
14 Special Instructions
15 Data Valid But Above Normal Operating Range (Least Severe Level)
16 Data Valid But Above Normal Operating Range (Moderate Sever Level)
17 Data Valid But Below Normal Operating Range (Least Severe Level)
18 Data Valid But Below Normal Operating Range (Moderate Severe Level)
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Transport Message
Transport Messages
Used when data exceeds the 8 byte limit
Usually needed during fault code message
transmission.
Multipacket message
Currently only the BAM (Broadcast Announce
Message) part of the J1939 transport layer used
by our products.
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Transport Message
Transport Protocol
TP.BAM
Used when more than one fault codes are active
Must be implemented to read fault codes
First step is to send a TP.CM (Connection Message)
with the connection mode being BAM.
Next a series of TP.DT (Data Transfer) messages
will be sent. These messages contain the actual data.
See detailed example hand out
Cummins Industrial Electronics Training 2002
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J1939 Multiplexing
Multiplexing is used to send information
from an external device to the engine control
module via the J1939 datalink.
The engine control module must know the
address of the device which is sending the
information.
Typically only the throttle has been
multiplexed on industrial applications.
On CANalyzer:
0.1000 1 0CF00303x Tx d 8 7D E0 2E 7D FF FF FF FF
On CANalyzer:
0.1000 1 0CF00303x Tx d 8 7D E0 2E 7D FF FF FF FF
Variable ISC
Turn on Variable ISC setpoint 3
18FDCA20x Tx d 8 F6 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
Turn off Variable ISC setpoint 3
18FDCA20x Tx d 8 F0 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
Hydraulic Temperature
Hydraulic Temperature gets into the ECM via OEM temperature 2
18FE6820x Tx d 8 F0 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF