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Anatomi Nervous System
Anatomi Nervous System
2012
NERVOUS SYSTEM
SETRUCTURALLY: CNS AND PNS.
FUNCTIONALLY: SOMATIC AND
AUTONOMIC NS.
*COMPONENTS:
- Two main cell types: neurons and glial cells.
- Vassa: arteries and veins.
*Neuron: 1. Kecil; 2. Sedang; 3. Besar.
1. Unipolar; 2. Bipolar; 3. Multipolar (type
I and type II).
GLIAL CELLS
1. ASTROCYTE/ASTROCYTUS.
2. MICROGLIA.
3. OLIGODENDROGLIA
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
CNS:BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
NUCLEUS: Collection of nerve cell bodies in
cns; Ganglion: collection of nerve cell bodies
in pns (peripheral nervous system).
Constitute: gray and white matter/substance;
-gray matter: cell bodies.
-white matter: Nerve fibers.
PRINCIPAL ROLES OF CNS:
INTEGRASI DAN COORDINASI SIGNAL
YANG MASUK DAN KELUAR.
THINKING.
LEARNING.
TRANVERSE SECTION of SPINAL
CORD
GRAY MATTER.
WHITE MATTER.
POSTERIOR AND ANTERIOR
HORN(CORNU).
THREE MEMBRANOUS LAYERS:
MENINGES (DURAMATER,
ARACHNOID, subarachnoid space,
PIAMATER).
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
DIBENTUK OLEH: NERVE FIBERS AND
NERVE CELL BODIES.
PERIPHERAL NERVES DIBENTUK OLEH
KUMPULAN BEBERAPA NERVE FIBERS,
DIBUNGKUS JAR. IKAT DAN BLOOD
VESSELS.
PERIPHERAL NERVE FIBER TERDIRI DARI
AXON, NEUROLEMMA, ENDONEURIUM.
NERVE FIBERS ADA 2: MYELINATED DAN
UNMYELINATED.
PERIPHERAL NERVES DILIPUTI
OLEH:
1. ENDONEURIUM:MEMBUNGKUS
NEUROLEMMA CELLS AND AXONS.
2. PERINEURIUM: JAR. IKAT MEMBUNGKUS
FASCICLE/FASCICULUS/BUNDLE of
PERIPHERAL NERVE FIBERS.
3. EPINEURIUM: JAR. IKAT YANG TEBAL
membungkus BUNDLE of
FASCICLECOVERING of the NERVE
(TERMASUK: FATTY TISSUES, BLOOD
VESSELS, LYMPHATICS).
DAMAGE TO CNS
THE INJURED AXONS DO NOT RECOVER IN
MOST CIRCUMTANCES.
THEIR PROXIMAL STUMPS BEGIN TO
REGENERATELESION.
GROWTH IS BLOCKED BY ASTROCYTE.
RESULT: PERMANENT DISABILITY
FOLLOWS DESTRUCTION OF A TRACT IN
THE CNS
PERIPHERAL NERVE
DEGENERATION:
WHEN PN ARE CRUSHED OR SERVED:
-distaldegenerate
-cell bodies biasanya survive, axon akan
tumbuh ke distal mengikuti jar.ikat/myelin.
Tindakan pembedahan diperlukan bila satu
saraf putus.
Compression of vassa nervorumischemia
dalam waktu cukup lamacause nerve
degeneration.
PERIPHERAL NERVES:
CRANIAL NERVES: 12 PASANG, KELUAR
DARI CRANIUM, 11 PASANG
BERASAL/ARISE DARI BRAIN. N.XI
ASALNYA/NUCLEINYA DI MEDULLA
SPINALIS CERVICAL 1-6.
SPINAL NERVES: CERVICAL-8; THORACAL-
12; LUMBAL-5; SACRAL-5; COCCYGEUS-1.
BERASAL DARI SPINAL CORD DAN KELUAR
MELALUI FORAMINA INTERVERTEBRALES.
ANS=AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM.
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
VOLUNTARY.
SOMATIC PARTS of CNS and PNS.
GENERAL SENSORY and MOTOR all parts of
the BODY (SOMA); EXCEPTS: viscera in body
cavities, smooth muscles, and glands.
Somatic motor fibers: otot skelet, reflex.
Somatic sensory fibers: rasa raba umum pada
kulit: panas, dingin, nyeri, raba, sendi, tulang.
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
INVOLUNTARY.
VISCERAL AFFERENT AND EFFERENT.