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Organization of Bacterial Genomes
Organization of Bacterial Genomes
Deinococcus radiodurans
It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated
immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic
material. - Watson and Crick
Replication is an enzymatic process in
which synthesis of a daughter or
progeny duplex DNA molecule,
identical to the parental duplex DNA
occurs.
Rate of replication in E.coli (prokaryotic
cell) is 1500 nucleotides per second.
To complete replication of whole E.coli
genome it takes 40 minutes
Overview
Semi conservative
Demonstrated in 1958 by Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl.
When DNA replicates, each polynucleotide strand acts as a template for the
formation of a complementary strand through base pairing interactions.
DNA Replication Occurs at Replication Forks
Initiatio
n
Terminati
on
Elongati
on
The Mechanism of DNA Replication in E.coli
At each replication fork, both leading and lagging strand synthesis are catalyzed by a
single multiprotein replication machine, the replisome,which consists of
DNA-unwinding proteins; the priming apparatus, or primosome,which is
needed to initiate, or prime, DNA replication; and DNA polymerase III
holoenzyme with two equivalents of core polymerase, one for the leading
strand and one for the lagging strand.
Helicase (DnaB)
Gyrase
DNA Polymerase I extends 5'
one Okazaki fragment and
removes the RNA from
another. S p in n in g
3'
DNA Ligase then joins at 10,000
fragments together. 5'
rp m
ssDNA binding
protein (SSB)
5' A p ro k ary o tic fo rk is trav ellin g at 50 to 100 k b / m inu te.