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Sejarahkomputer
Sejarahkomputer
http://www.computerhope.com
1613 -
- The word "computer" was first recorded as being used
to describe a person who performed calculations or
computations.
- The definition of a computer remained the same until
the end of the 19th century when it began referring to a
machine that performed calculations.
1800 -
1804 - Frances Joseph-Marie Jacquard completes his fully
automated loom that is programmed by punched cards.
1832 - Semen Korsakov uses punch cards for the first time to
store and search for information. (
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oaVwzYN6BP4)
1911 - The company now known as IBM is founded June 16, 1911 in the state of New York as the Computing -
Tabulating - Recording Company (C-T-R), a consolidation of the Computing Scale Company, and The International
Time Recording Company.
1945 - The term bug as computer bug was termed by Grace Hopper
when programming the MARK II.
1947 - 1954
1947 - John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley invent the
first transistor at the Bell Laboratories on December 23, 1947.
1950 - The United States Government receives the UNIVAC 1101 or ERA 1101. This computer is
considered to be the first computer that was capable of storing and running a program from memory.
1952 - Alexander Sandy Douglas created the first graphical computer game of Tic-Tac-Toe on an
EDSAC known as "OXO.
1953 - IBM introduces the 701 to the public April 7, 1953. The 701 is IBM's first electric computer
and first mass produced computer. A total of 19 are produced and sold.
- A magnetic memory smaller and faster than existing vacuum tube memories is built at MIT.
1954 - IBM produces and markets the IBM 650. More than 1,800 of these computers are sold in an
eight-year span, with 120 installations in the first year.
- IBM introduces its first calculating machine that uses solid-state transistors instead of vacuum tubes October 7,
1954.
- The first version of FORTRAN (formula translator) is published by IBM.
1955 -
1969 - UCLA puts out a press release introducing the public to the Internet on July 3, 1969. On
August 29, 1969 the first network switch and the first piece of network equipment (called "IMP", which is
short for Interface Message Processor) is sent to UCLA. On September 2, 1969 the first data moves from
UCLA host to the IMP switch.
Charley Kline a UCLA student tries to send "login", the first message over ARPANET at 10:30 PM on
October 29, 1969. The system transmitted "l" and then "o" but then crashed making today the first day a
message was sent over the Internet and the first network crash.
- At 20:18 UTC on July 21, 1969 the Apollo 11 space craft lands on the moon and Neil Armstrong becomes
the first human to walk on the moon.
1969 -1970
1969 - Intel releases its first product, the 3101 Schottky TTL
bipolar 64-bit static random-access memory (SRAM). In the same
year Intel released the 3301 Schottky bipolar 1024-bit read-only
memory (ROM)
- Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) is founded on May 1, 1969.
1976 - The term meme is first defined in the book The Selfish
Gene by Richard Dawkins.
- On February 3, 1976 David Bunnell publishes an article by Bill
Gates complaining about software piracy in his Computer Notes
Altair newsletter.
- In December of 1976 Bill Gates drops out of Harvard to devote all
his time to Microsoft.
- The first 5.25-inch floppy disk is invented.
- Steve Wozniak designs the first Apple, the Apple I computer in
1976, later Wozniak and Steve Jobs co-found Apple Computers.
1977 - 1978
1977 - Apple Computers introduces the Apple II, the first personal
computer with color graphics is demonstrated at the West Coast Computer
Faire on April 16, 1977; it went on sale June 10th of that same year.
- Oracle is founded in June 16, 1977 by Larry Ellison, Robert Miner, and Ed
Oates.
1978 - TCP splits into TCP/IP driven by Danny Cohen, David Reed, and
John Shoch to support real-time traffic. This allows the creation of UDP.
- WordStar is first released.
- In June of 1978 Apple introduces Apple DOS 3.1, the first operating
system for the Apple computers.
1979 - 1980
1979 - Gottfried Leibniz demonstrates binary arithmetic, a discovery that
shows every number can be represented by 0 and 1 only.
- Bjarne Stoustrup, a Danish computer scientist, begins work on the programming
language "C with classes", which will later be renamed C++.
1980 - IBM hires Paul Allen and Bill Gates to create an operating system for a
new PC. The pair buy the rights to a simple operating system manufactured by
Seattle Computer Products and use it as a template. IBM allows the two to keep
the marketing rights to the operating system, called DOS.
- ARPANET experiences first major network crash causing it to go down for four
hours October 27, 1980.
- Microsoft licenses Unix and starts to develop a PC version, XENIX.
1980 1981
1996 - For the first time more e-mail is sent than postal mail in USA.
- The first CSS specification, CSS 1, is published by the W3C in December 1996.
- Google is first developed by Sergey Brin and Larry Page.
- Acer America Corporation introduces its designer home PCs.
- Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 was released July 29, 1996.
1999 - The first Wiki is introduces with WikiWikiWeb on March 25, 1999.
- The Victoria's Secret fashion show becomes the first major webcast on the
Internet attracting over 1.5 million visitors on February 5, 1999. Unfortunately,
not everyone was able to view the webcast because of the popularity.
- RIM releases the Blackberry January 19, 1999.
- The Intel Pentium III 500 MHz is released on February 26, 1999.
- Microsoft releases Windows CE 3.0.
- NVIDIA introduces the GPU.
2000 -
2000 - Kevin Mitnick is released from prison January 21, 2000.
- Both Intel and AMD pass the 1GHz CPU barrier. Something many
people in the computer industry thought would never happen.
- Google announces it has indexed over one billion pages making it
the Internet's largest search engine.
- Google launches Google AdWords with 350 customers in October
of 2000.
- XHTML is released January 26, 2000.
- EA releases The Sims, the best-selling PC game in history February
04, 2000.
- Microsoft Windows 2000 was released February 17, 2000.
- OpenOffice.org is introduced as an open office productivity suite.
- Microsoft releases Windows ME June 19, 2000.
2001 - 2002
2001 - Microsoft Windows XP home and professional
editions are released October 25, 2001.
- On January 02, 2001 Intel announced that it will recall its
1.13 GHz Pentium III processors due to a glitch.
- Apple first releases iTunes on the Mac January 9, 2001.
- IBM starts the Eclipse project.
- Linus Torvalds releases version 2.4 of the Linux Kernel
source code on January 4th.