CE382 Ch11 13

Chapter 11:
Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection

Equations
Structural Analysis 7th Edition in SI Units

Russell C. Hibbeler
Displacement Method of Analysis:
General Procedures
Disp method requires satisfying eqm eqn for
the structures
The unknowns disp are written in terms of
the loads by using the load-disp relations
These eqn are solved for the disp
Once the disp are obtained, the unknown
loads are determined from the compatibility
eqn using the load disp relations
Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Structural Analysis 7th Edition
2009 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
General Procedures
When a structure is loaded, specified points
on it called nodes, will undergo unknown
disp
These disp are referred to as the degree of
freedom
The no. of these unknowns is referred to as
the degree in which the structure is
kinematically indeterminate
We will consider some e.g.s
General Procedures
Any load applied to the beam will cause
node A to rotate
Node B is completely restricted from moving
Hence, the beam has only one unknown
degree of freedom
The beam has nodes at A, B & C
There are 4 degrees of freedom A, B, C and
C

Slope-deflection equation
Slope deflection method requires less work

both to write the necessary eqn for the
solution of a problem& to solve these eqn
for the unknown disp & associated internal
loads
General Case
To develop the general form of the slope-
deflection eqn, we will consider the
typical span AB of the
continuous beam when
Chapter 11:subjected
Displacement Method ofto arbitrary
Analysis: loading
Slope-Deflection Equations
Structural Analysis 7 Edition
th

Angular Disp
Consider node A of the member to rotate A
while its while end node B is held fixed
To determine the moment MAB needed to
cause this disp, we will use the conjugate
beam method

Angular Disp
M A' 0
1 M AB L 1 M BA 2 L
L L 0
2 EI 3 2 EI 3
M B' 0
1 M BA L 1 M AB 2L
L L AL 0
2 EI 3 2 EI 3
Angular Disp
From which we obtain the following:
4 EI 2 EI
M AB A M BA A
L L
Similarly, end B of the beam rotates to its
final position while end A is held fixed
We can relate the applied moment MBA to the
angular disp B & the reaction moment MAB at
the wall 4 EI 2 EI
M M
BA B AB B
L L
Relative linear disp

If the far node B if the member is displaced
relative to A, so that the cord of the member
rotates clockwise & yet both ends do not
rotate then equal but opposite moment and
shear reactions are developed in the member
Moment M can be related to the disp using
conjugate beam method

Relative linear disp

The conjugate beam is free at both ends
since the real member is fixed support
The disp of the real beam at B, the moment
at end B of the conjugate beam must have a
magnitude of as indicated
M B' 0
1M 2L 1 M L
2 EI L L 0
3 2 EI 3
6 EI
M AB M BA M 2

L
Fixed end moment

In general, linear & angular disp of the nodes
are caused by loadings acting on the span of
the member
To develop the slope-deflection eqn, we must
transform these span loadings into equivalent
moment acting at the nodes & then use the
load-disp relationships just derived

Slope-deflection eqn
If the end moments due to each disp &
loadings are added together, the resultant
moments at the ends can be written as:
I
M AB 2E 2 A B 3 L FEM AB 0
L
I
M BA 2E 2 B A 3 L FEM BA 0
L

The results can be expressed as a single eqn
M N 2 Ek 2 N F 3 FEM N 0
M N internal moment at the near end of the span
E , k modulus of elasticity & span stiffness
N , F near and far end slopes or angular disp of the span at the supports
span rotation of its cord due to a linear disp
FEM N fixed end moment at the near end support

Pin supported end span

Sometimes an end span of a beam or frame
is supported by a pin or roller at its far end
The moment at the roller or pin is zero
provided the angular disp at this support
does not have to be determined
M N 2 Ek 2 N F 3 FEM N
0 2 Ek 2 N F 3 0

Pin supported end span

Simplifying, we get:
M N 3Ek N FEM N
This is only applicable for end span with far

end pinned or roller supported

Example 11.1
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam

where EI is constant.

Solution
2 spans must be considered in this problem
Using the formulas for FEM, we have:
wL2 6(6 2 )
( FEM ) BC 7.2kN .m
30 30
wL2 6(6 2 )
( FEM ) CB 10.8kN .m
20 20

Solution
Note that (FEM)BC is ve and
(FEM)AB = (FEM)BA since there is no load on span AB
Since A & C are fixed support, A = C =0
Since the supports do not settle nor are they displaced
up or
down, AB BC = 0
I=
M N 2E 2 N F 3 FEM N
L
I
M AB 2 E 2(0) B 3(0) 0
8
EI
B (1)
4
Solution
Similarly,
EI
M BA B (2)
2
2 EI
M BC B - 7.2 (3)
3
EI
M CB B 10.8 (4)
3
Solution
Equilibrium eqn
The necessary fifth eqn comes from the condition of
moment equilibrium at support B
Here MBA & MBC are assumed to act in the +ve direction to
be consistent with the slope-deflection eqn
M BA M BC 0 (5)

Solution
Equilibrium equation
Sub eqn (2) and (3) into eqn (5) gives :

6.17
B
EI
Re - sub this value into eqn (1) to (4) gives :
M AB 1.54kNm; M BA 3.09kNm;
M BC 3.09kNm; M CB 12.86kNm
Solution
Equilibrium equation
Using these results, the shears at the end spans are
determined.
The free-body diagram of the entire beam & the shear &
moment diagrams are shown.

Analysis of Frames: No sidesway
A frame will not sidesway to the left or right

provided it is properly restrained
No sidesway will occur in an unrestrained
frame provided it is symmetric wrt both
loading and geometry

Example 11.6
Determine the moments at each joint of the frame. EI is

constant.

Solution
3 spans must be considered in this case: AB, BC & CD
5wL2
( FEM ) BC 80kN .m
96
5wL2
( FEM ) CB 80kN .m
96
Note that A D 0 and AB BC CD 0

Solution
We have
I
MN 2 E 2 N F 3 FEM N
L
M AB 0.1667 EI B
M BA 0.333EI B
M BC 0.5 EI B 0.25 EI C 80
M CB 0.5EI C 0.25 EI B 80
M CD 0.333EI C
M DC 0.1667 EI C

Solution
The remaining 2 eqn come from moment equlibrium at
joints B & C, we have:
M BA M BC 0
M CB M CD 0
Solving for these 8 eqn, we get:
0.833EI B 0.25 EI C 80
0.833EI C 0.25 EI B 80

Solution
Solving simultaneously yields:
137.1
B C
EI
M AB 22.9kNm; M BA 45.7 kNm
M BC 45.7 kNm; M CB 45.7 kNm
M CD 45.7 kNm; M DC 22.9kNm

Analysis of Frames: Sidesway
A frame will sidesway when it or the loading acting

on it is nonsymmetric
The loading P causes an unequal moments at joint
B&C
MBC tends to displace joint B
to the right
MCB tends to displace joint C
to the left
Since MBC > MCB, the net result
is a sidesway of both joint B & C
to the right
When applying the slope-deflection eqn to

each column, we must consider the column
rotation, as an unknown in the eqn
As a result, an extra eqm eqn must be
included in the solution
The techniques for solving problems for
frames with sidesway is best illustrated by
e.g.

When applying the slope-deflection eqn to

each column, we must consider the column
rotation, as an unknown in the eqn
As a result, an extra eqm eqn must be
included in the solution
The techniques for solving problems for
frames with sidesway is best illustrated by
e.g.

Example 11.9
Explain how the moments in each joint of the two-story

frame. EI is constant.

Solution
We have 12 equations that contain 18 unknowns

Solution
No FEMs have to be calculated since the applied loading
acts at the joints
Members AB & FE undergo rotations of 1 = 1/5
Members AB & FE undergo rotations of 2 = 2 /5
Moment eqm of joints B, C, D and E, requires
M BA M BE M BC 0 (13)
M CB M CD 0 (14)
M DC M DE 0 (15)
M EF M EB M ED 0 (16)
Solution
Similarly, shear at the base of columns must balance the
applied horizontal loads
Fx 0 40 VBC VED 0
M BC M CB M ED M DE
40 0 (17)
5 5
Fx 0 40 80 VAB VFE 0
M AB M BA M EF M FE
120 0 (18)
5 5
Solution
Sub eqn (1) to (12) into eqn (13) to (18)
These eqn can be solved simultaneously
The results are resub into eqn (1) to (12) to obtain the
moments
at the joints


CE382 Ch11 13

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Chapter 11:

Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection

Structural Analysis 7th Edition in SI Units

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Slope deflection method requires less work

2009 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Relative linear disp

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Relative linear disp

Fixed end moment

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

E , k modulus of elasticity & span stiffness

span rotation of its cord due to a linear disp

FEM N fixed end moment at the near end support

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Pin supported end span

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Pin supported end span

This is only applicable for end span with far

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Sub eqn (2) and (3) into eqn (5) gives :

moment diagrams are shown.

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

A frame will not sidesway to the left or right

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Determine the moments at each joint of the frame. EI is

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

M BC 45.7 kNm; M CB 45.7 kNm

M CD 45.7 kNm; M DC 22.9kNm

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

A frame will sidesway when it or the loading acting

When applying the slope-deflection eqn to

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

When applying the slope-deflection eqn to

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Explain how the moments in each joint of the two-story

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

Chapter 11: Displacement Method of Analysis: Slope-Deflection Equations

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