Group 10

Bidari Intan Rucitra

M. Hisyam Baidlowi
Welcome To Our
Presentation
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Learn Together
Growth and Development
as an Overview
 Growth

The process of the increase of

size, mass, and increasing of
cells of the plant. It related to
cells fission (kariokinesis and
cytokinesis)

(Dahlia,2001)
 Development
The process of qualitative changes of
the plant life cycle. The development
concern in maturity of plant such as
hormone activation,
germination, bloomy, and
senescens.

(Dahlia,2001)
 Differentation
Differentation can be defined as the process
about the changes from cells into the
tissues and the spesification of the function
of cells or tissues.

Note :
Growth, Development, and
Differentation is the contigous
processes. They couldnt be separated
each other in normal condition.
Where do the seeds come
from ?
Seeds come from flower
 Seed Development and
Maturation
The development of a seed begins
with the fertilized ovule, or zygote.
The early stage of seed development
is characterized by extensive cell
divisions that form the embryo and, in
endospermic seeds, the tissues that
store nutrients that will support the
eventual germination of the seed and
seedling development.
Maturation, stage of seed development is
characterized by cessation of embryo
growth and the development of
desiccation resistance. Maturation is
terminated by a dramatic desiccation in
which the water content of the seed is
reduced from 80 or 90 percent to
approximately 5 percent.
 Seed Germination In
Various Point of View

Seed Analist Definition :

The changes of morphologies aspect of
seed,
example : conspicuousness of radicule.
Farmer Definition :
the seedling processes.
 The Conclussion ss.....
Germination is the beginning of
active plant growth that
characterized by the broken of kulit
biji and the seedling process.
 The Stages of Germination
1. Imbibition
2. Tissues hidration
3. Absorption of oxygen
4. Enzime activation
5. Molecules transfer
6. Respiration and assimilation
7. Initiation dilation and cell fission
8. The appearance of embryo
 Started
From
Radicule
to Plumule
(It cant
be
exchanged
)
From These Figures We Will Know
About Epigeal and Hipogeal
From Embryo Until The Mature
Plants
Maginification Of
Plant Cells

The process of
increasing the
volume of cells. It
causes by the water
absorption in plant
cell vacuole.
Cells Elongation
Senescence and Programmed Cell
Death
Senescence is like an aging stage in cell
characterized by the declining of
photosynthesis and metabolism, and
degradation of organelles.
Senescence is one form of programmed
cell death (PCD), broadly defined as a
process in which the organism exerts a
measure of genetic control over the death of
cells. PCD requires energy and is normally
regulated by a distinct set of genes.
 Signal Transduction In Plant Growth and
Development

Signal perception is followed by a

diverse array of biochemical events,
referred to as signal transduction or
signaling, that ultimately
determines the cells response to
that signal.

This often complex web of interacting

pathways usually involves a variety of
small, mobile molecules known as
second messengers.
The principal species
of second
messengers in
plants include
protein kinase
enzymes, calcium
ions, and
phospholipid
derivatives.
Phospolipid Based Signaling
 Protein Kinase Based
Signaling
Protein kinases are enzymes that
activate other proteins by catalyzing
their phosphorylation.

Protein kinases are able to amplify weak

signals because one active kinase is able to
phosphorylate hundreds of target proteins.
Often specific protein kinases act in series,
creating a protein kinase cascade.
Protein kinases and kinase cascades
have been implicated in a wide array of
plant signal transduction pathways.
Calcium Based Signaling
 Trancriptional Based
Signaling
Transcription factors are small, DNA-binding
proteins that control the transcription of
messenger RNA by binding to specific regulatory
(i.e., noncoding) DNA sequences in particular
genes. Transcription factors may either activate
(or, up-regulate) the transcription of that
particular gene, or it may act to repress (or,
down-regulate) transcription. Some transcription
factors have two binding sites: a DNA-binding site
and a binding site for a regulatory molecule.
Binding of the signal molecule, such as a
hormone, to the transcription factor induces
changes in the expression of the
target gene.
 Thank You

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