Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Overview Shrimp Intensive
Overview Shrimp Intensive
INTENSIVE
CULTURE
A REVIEW OF THE POTENTIAL FOR COMMERCIAL
IMPLEMENTATION IN SOUTH AFRICA
BY LAURENCE EVANS LAURENCE@ECOTAO.CO.ZA
ECOTAO ENTERPRISES CC
CHALLENGES
SHRIMP/PRAWNS ARE AN INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY WITH THE PRICE INFLUENCED BY GLOBAL
PRODUCTION;
HIGH LEVELS OF COSTLY BIOSECURITY ARE NEEDED TO PREVENT VIRAL AND OTHER DISEASES FROM
ENTERING THE PRODUCTION FACILITY;
ENERGY INPUTS NEED TO BE REDUCED SO THAT THE COST OF PRODUCTION IS BELOW THE MARKET PRICE;
HIGHLY EFFICIENT HATCHERY PRODUCTION IS NEEDED TO ENABLE BACK TO BACK PRODUCTION SO AS TO
OPTIMIZE VIABILITY.
SOUTH AFRICAN WINTERS REQUIRE ADDED ENERGY INPUTS FROM MAY TO SEPTEMBER. EFFECTIVELY OF
THE YEAR IS TOO COOL FOR COMMERCIAL GROWTH RATES TO BE ACHIEVED;
FEED FOR THESE SYSTEMS NEEDS TO BE COMPLETE AND SUIT BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY, SO IS A LONG-
RESEARCHED FORMULATION, HELD AS CONFIDENTIAL BY MANUFACTURERS;
VIBRIO SP. BACTERIA ARE A PROBLEM TO BE MANAGED IN THESE SYSTEMS AND IS AFFECTED BY THE FEED
FORMULATION;
TEXAS A&M AGRILIFE RESEARCH: ISSUES
TO ADDRESS FOR COMMERCIAL
PRODUCTION
OPERATING YEAR ROUND: ESPECIALLY SIGNIFICANT IN SA CONTEXT
DISEASES: GLOBAL PROBLEM, VIRUS, BACTERIA AND FUNGUS
PL SUPPLY: ESPECIALLY SIGNIFICANT IN SA CONTEXT - LARGE SCALE NEEDED TO PREVENT INBREEDING
MARKETING: PRICE SENSITIVE, COMPETING WITH IMPORTS
FEED COST: ESPECIALLY SIGNIFICANT IN SA CONTEXT ADDED IMPORT COSTS
FCR: EXPERIENCED STAFF, CORRECT FEED PRODUCTION COSTS ARE VERY SENSITIVE TO FEED CONVERSION RATES
GROWTH: GENETIC SELECTION (+VE), INBREEDING (-IVE), TEMPERATURE (CONSTRAINT), FEED QUALITY,
STRESS
SURVIVAL: BIOSECURITY AND VIBRIO BACTERIA; ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
ENERGY & TEMP CONTROL: ESPECIALLY SIGNIFICANT IN SA CONTEXT
ZERO EXCHANGE VS. RECIRCULATING GENERALLY ZERO EXCHANGE FOR SHRIMP BIOFLOC + FLOC
CONTROL
INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY: RAND PRICE
PER POUND, 20 YEAR Description:
Shrimp, No.1
Amatikulu shell-on
prawns closes
due to market headless, 26-
prices 30 count per
pound,
Mexican
origin, New
York port, US
cents per
pound
The price reflects the impact of currency exchange rates against the US$
INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY: US$ PRICE
PER POUND, 20 YEAR Description:
AHPND disease originated Shrimp, No.1
in China in about 2009 and shell-on
was officially reported in headless, 26-30
the Peoples Republic of count per
China and Vietnam in 2010, pound, Mexican
in Malaysia in 2011, in origin, New York
Thailand in 2012 and in port, US cents
Mexico in 2013
per pound;
The current
Asian lower
intensity shrimp
pond production
models are
successful &
dictate the price
INTERNATIONAL COMMODITY: EURO PRICE
PER POUND, 20 YEAR Description:
Shrimp, No.1
shell-on
headless, 26-
30 count per
pound,
Mexican
origin, New
York port, US
cents per
pound
TECHNOLOGY STATUS @ AVAILABILITY
TEXAS A&M AGRILIFE RESEARCH MARICULTURE LAB HAS BEEN
DEVELOPING SINCE BEFORE 2003 AND CURRENTLY HAS A
PUBLICATION IN PRODUCTION TO ALLOW COMMERCIAL
IMPLEMENTATION OF THEIR DESIGN. (
HTTPS://WWW.WAS.ORG/MEETINGS/SHOWABSTRACT.ASPX?ID=42481
)
IN BELGIUM: CREVETOPE SHRIMP FARMING SYSTEM CLOSED ZERO
ISBN: 978-1-888807-23-3
EXCHANGE FARM FOR INTENSIVE PRODUCTION OF MARINE SHRIMP
Samocha, TM, DI Pragnell, TR Hanson, GD Treece, TC Morris, LF Castro
& N Staresinic. 2016. Design and Operation of Super Intensive,
Biofloc-Dominated Systems for Indoor Production of the Pacific White
Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei The Texas A&M AgriLife Research
Experience. The World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
USA.
BIOFLOC SYSTEM ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
PRODUCTION POTENTIAL 2013 (NOTE THAT
IT TAKES >60 DAYS TO GET TO 3.6G)
PRODUCTION POTENTIAL
FCR = food
conversion ratio
PER = Protein
efficiency ratio
http://pdf.gaallia
nce.org/pdf/GAA
-Boyd-
Dec05.pdf
RACEWAY
EMPHASIS ON SIMPLE LOW ENERGY
TECHNOLOGIES
ST =
settling
tank
RW =
raceway
FF = foam
fractionat
er
RAS
LOW COST
SIMPLIFIED TECHNOLOGY & CLOSE
PARAMETER MONITORING
WATER CIRCULATION, MIXING & OXYGENATION IN EACH RW WERE
MAINTAINED BY 14 A3 INJECTORS (A3 ALL AQUA AERATION, ORLANDO, FL) &
TWO 2 HP PUMPS
EACH RW HAD 2 YSI OPTICAL DO PROBES & 5500D INLINE MONITORING
SYSTEM (YSI INC., YELLOW SPRINGS, OH)
COMMERCIAL PROBIOTIC - ECOPRO (ECOMICROBIALS, MIAMI, FL) - EVERY
SECOND DAY TO DAILY
NO WATER EXCHANGE FRESH WATER ADDED TO MAINTAIN SALINITY
UNCOMPLICATED, FAIL PROOF EQUIPMENT
FOAM FRACTIONATOR
OPERATED WITH ONE A3 INJECTOR, FLOW RATE 28 LPM, FED FROM THE
PUMPS SIDE LOOP
USE OF FABRIC FOR DEWATERING AND DRYING OF THE ORGANIC
PARTICULATE MATTER
SETTLING TANKS
CONICAL TANK 2 M3, FLOW RATE 20 LPM, FED FROM THE PUMPS SIDE LOOP
USE OF FABRIC FOR DEWATERING AND DRYING OF THE ORGANIC
PARTICULATE MATTER
TARGETED TSS OF 200-300 MG L-1 & SS OF 10-14 ML L-1
SIMPLE, BUT EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY
Notes: The 4.7 crops is from 4g to harvest, so additional space and days are
needed for the hatchery and rearing from hatchery (postlarvae 15) to 4 grams.
SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION AND SALES FOR SUPER-INTENSIVE
RECIRCULATING SHRIMP PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Challenges:
Must have year-round PL supply! Back-to-back-to-back production is needed.
INVESTMENT POTENTIAL AND ECONOMIC
VIABILITY
TEXAS A&M, AFTER 20 YEARS OF RESEARCH AND TRIALS, WITH THE HIGHEST
SCIENTIFIC AND FINANCIAL INVESTMENT, IS INDICATING A POTENTIAL BUT
NOT CERTAIN COMMERCIAL VIABILITY OF SHRIMP BIOFLOC TECHNOLOGY,
DUE TO KEY PRODUCTION PARAMETERS (PLEASE REFER REF #1).
REFERENCES #
[#1] ECONOMIC ANALYSIS:
HTTP://WWW.TEXASAQUACULTURE.ORG/BIOFLOC/HANSON%20ECON%20OV
ERVIEW%20OF%20BIO-FLOC%20SHRIMP%20RECIRC%20WAS%202014%20VE
R%202%20PPT.PDF
ADDITIONAL SPECIES
CULTURE OF RED DRUM INTEGRATED TO TILAPIA AND SHRIMP IN BFT
SYSTEM
TILAPIA (BLOFLOC) BIOMASS CAN REACH 20-30 KG/M3 (200-300
TON/HA), AS COMPARED TO SHRIMP BIOMASS OF ABOUT 2 KG/M3
TILAPIA ARE ABLE TO UTILIZE BIOFLOC
FARM INVESTMENT FAILURES
FARM INVESTMENT FAILURES
HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=PPVGUMIWTDU