CHAPTER

10

Refrigeration Cycles
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FIGURE 10-1
The objective of
a refrigerator is
to remove heat
(QL) from the
cold medium;
the objective of
a heat pump is
to supply heat
(QH) to a warm
medium.

10-1
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FIGURE 10-2
Schematic of a
Carnot
refrigerator
and T-s
diagram of the
reversed
Carnot cycle.

10-2
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FIGURE 10-3
Schematic and T-s diagram for
the ideal vapor-compression
refrigeration cycle.

10-3
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FIGURE 10-4
An ordinary
household
refrigerator.

10-4
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FIGURE 10-5
The P-h
diagram of
an ideal
vapor-
compression
refrigeration
cycle.

10-5
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FIGURE 10-7
Schematic and T-s
diagram for the
actual vapor-
compression
refrigeration cycle.

10-6
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FIGURE 10-9
A heat pump
can be used to
heat a house
in winter and
to cool it in
summer.

10-7
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FIGURE 10-10
A two-stage
cascade
refrigeration
system with
the same
refrigerant in
both stages.

10-8
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FIGURE 10-12
A two-stage
compression
refrigeration system
with a flash chamber.

10-9
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FIGURE 10-14
Schematic and T-s
diagram for a
refrigerator
freezer unit with
one compressor.

10-10
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FIGURE 10-15
Linde-Hampson
system for
liquefying
gases.

10-11
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FIGURE 10-16
Simple gas
refrigeration
cycle.

10-12
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FIGURE 10-17
A reversed
Carnot cycle
produces more
refrigeration
(area under
B1) with less
work input
(area 1A3B).

10-13
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FIGURE 10-18
An open-cycle
aircraft cooling
system.

10-14
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FIGURE 10-19
Gas
refrigeration
cycle with
regeneration.

10-15
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FIGURE 10-21
Ammonia absorption
refrigeration cycle.

10-16
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FIGURE 10-22
Determining the
maximum COP of an
absorption
refrigeration
system.

10-17
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FIGURE 10-23
When one of the
junctions of two
dissimilar metals is
heated, a current I
flows through the
closed circuit.

10-18
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FIGURE 10-24
When a thermoelectric
circuit is broken, a
potential difference is
generated.

10-19
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FIGURE 10-25
Schematic of a simple
thermoelectric power
generator.

10-20
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FIGURE 10-26
A thermoelectric
power generator.

10-21
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FIGURE 10-27
When a current is
passed through the
junction of two
dissimilar materials,
the junction is cooled.

10-22
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FIGURE 10-28
A thermoelectric
refrigerator.

10-23