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Chap008 FB2101 1011B
Chap008 FB2101 1011B
ABC is a
ABC is designed to good supplement
provide managers with to our traditional
cost information for cost system
I agree!
strategic and other
decisions that
potentially affect
capacity and therefore
affect fixed
as well as variable
costs.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 2
Learning Objective 1
Understand activity-
based costing and how
it differs from a
traditional costing
system.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 3
How Costs are Treated Under
ActivityBased Costing
ABC
ABC differs
differs from
from traditional
traditional cost
cost accounting
accounting in
in three
three ways.
ways.
Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing
costs costs
Traditional ABC
product costing product costing
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 4
How Costs are Treated Under
ActivityBased Costing
ABC
ABC differs
differs from
from traditional
traditional cost
cost accounting
accounting in
in three
three ways.
ways.
Manufacturing Nonmanufacturing
costs costs
Some
Mo
st,
All
not but
all
Traditional ABC
product costing product costing
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 5
How Costs are Treated Under
ActivityBased Costing
ABC
ABC differs
differs from
from traditional
traditional cost
cost accounting
accounting in
in three
three ways.
ways.
Level of complexity
ActivityBased
ActivityBased
Costing
Costing
Departmental
Departmental
Overhead
Overhead
Rates
Rates
Plantwide
Plantwide
Overhead
Overhead
Rate
Rate
Each
Each ABC
ABC cost
cost pool
pool has
has its
its
own
own unique
unique measure
measure of
of activity.
activity.
Traditional
Traditional cost
cost systems
systems usually
usually rely
rely
on
on volume
volume measures
measures such
such asas direct
direct labor
labor
hours
hours and/or
and/or machine
machine hours
hours toto allocate
allocate
all
all overhead
overhead costs
costs to
to products.
products.
ABC uses more cost pools.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 7
How Costs are Treated Under
ActivityBased Costing
An event that causes the
Activity consumption of overhead
resources.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 8
How Costs are Treated Under
ActivityBased Costing
An allocation base
in an activity-based
costing system.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 9
How Costs are Treated Under
ActivityBased Costing
Transaction Duration
driver driver
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 10
How Costs are Treated Under
ActivityBased Costing
ABC defines
five levels of activity
that largely do not relate
to the volume of units
produced.
Traditional
Traditional cost
cost systems
systems usually
usually rely
rely on
on volume
volume
measures
measures such
such asas direct
direct labor
labor hours
hours and/or
and/or machine
machine
hours
hours to
to allocate
allocate all
all overhead
overhead costs
costs to
to products.
products.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 11
How Costs are Treated Under
ActivityBased Costing
Unit-Level Batch-Level
Activity Activity
Manufacturing
companies typically combine
their activities into five
classifications.
Product-Level Customer-Level
Activity Organization- Activity
sustaining
Activity
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 12
Characteristics of Successful ABC
Implementations
Strong
Strong top
top
management support
Link
Link to
to evaluations
and rewards
Cross-functional
involvement
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 13
Baxter Battery An ABC Example
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overhead
overhead is
is allocated
allocated to
to products
products using
using
aa single
single plantwide
plantwide overhead
overhead rate
rate based
based on
on machine
machine hours.
hours.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 14
Define Activities, Activity Cost Pools,
and Activity Measures
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 15
Define Activities, Activity Cost Pools,
and Activity Measures
Customer
Customer Orders
Orders -- assigned
assigned allall costs
costs of
of resources
resources
that
that are
are consumed
consumed by by taking
taking and
and processing
processing
customer
customer orders.
orders.
Design
Design Changes
Changes -- assigned
assigned allall costs
costs of
of resources
resources
consumed
consumed by by customer
customer requested
requested design
design changes.
changes.
Order
Order Size
Size -- assigned
assigned all
all costs
costs of
of resources
resources
consumed
consumed as as aa consequence
consequence of of the
the number
number ofof units
units
produced.
produced.
Customer
Customer Relations
Relations assigned
assigned allall costs
costs associated
associated
with
with maintaining
maintaining relations
relations with
with customers.
customers.
Other
Other assigned
assigned all
all organization-sustaining
organization-sustaining costs
costs and
and
unused
unused capacity
capacity costs
costs
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 16
Learning Objective 2
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 17
Assign Overhead Costs to Activity Cost
Pools
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 18
Assign Overhead Costs to Activity Cost
Pools
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 20
Assign Overhead Costs to Activity Cost
Pools
Indirect
Indirect factory
factory wages
wages $6,000,000
$6,000,000
Percent
Percent consumed
consumed by
by customer
customer orders
orders 30%
30%
$1,800,000
$1,800,000
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 21
Assign Overhead Costs to Activity Cost
Pools
Factory
Factory equipment
equipment depreciation
depreciation $3,500,000
$3,500,000
Percent
Percent consumed
consumed by
by customer
customer orders
orders 20%
20%
$$ 700,000
700,000
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 22
Assign Overhead Costs to Activity Cost
Pools
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 23
Learning Objective 3
Compute activity
rates for cost pools.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 24
Calculate Activity Rates
Now
Now the
the team
team can
can compute
compute the the individual
individual
activity
activity rates
rates by
by dividing
dividing the
the total
total cost
cost for
for
each
each activity
activity by
by the
the total
total activity
activity levels.
levels.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 25
Calculate Activity Rates
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 26
ActivityBased Costing at Baxter Battery
Direct Direct Shipping
Overhead Costs
Materials Labor Costs
Cost Objects:
Products, Customer Orders, Customers
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 27
ActivityBased Costing at Baxter Battery
Direct Direct Shipping
Overhead Costs
Materials Labor Costs
First-Stage Allocation
Cost Objects:
Products, Customer Orders, Customers
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 28
ActivityBased Costing at Baxter Battery
Direct Direct Shipping
Overhead Costs
Materials Labor Costs
First-Stage Allocation
Second-Stage Allocations
Cost Objects:
Unallocated
Products, Customer Orders, Customers
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 29
Learning Objective 4
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 30
Assigning Overhead to Products
Baxter Battery Information
SureStart
SureStart
1.
1. Requires
Requires no no new
new design
design resources.
resources.
2.
2. 800,000
800,000 batteries
batteries ordered
ordered with
with 4,000
4,000 separate
separate orders.
orders.
3.
3. Each
Each SureStart
SureStart requires
requires 36
36 minutes
minutes ofof machine
machine
time
time for
for aa total
total of
of 480,000
480,000 machine-hours.
machine-hours.
LongLife
LongLife
1.
1. Requires
Requires new new design
design resources.
resources.
2.
2. 400,000
400,000 batteries
batteries ordered
ordered with
with 6,000
6,000 separate
separate orders.
orders.
3.
3. 4,000
4,000 custom
custom designs
designs prepared.
prepared.
4.
4. Each
Each LongLife
LongLife requires
requires 48
48 minutes
minutes of
of machine
machine
time
time for
for aa total
total of
of 320,000
320,000 machine-hours.
machine-hours.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 31
Assigning Overhead to Products
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 32
Assigning Overhead to Customers
Lets take a look at how Baxter Batterys system works for just
one of the 2,000 customers Acme Auto Parts who placed a
total of twelve orders. Note that the four orders for LongLifes
required a design change.
Orders
Orders
1.
1. Eight
Eight orders
orders for
for 60
60 SureStarts
SureStarts per
per order.
order.
2.
2. Four
Four orders
orders for
for 50
50 LongLifes
LongLifes per
per order.
order.
Machine-hours
Machine-hours
1.
1. The
The 480
480 SureStarts
SureStarts required
required 288
288 machine-hours.
machine-hours.
2.
2. The
The 200
200 LongLifes
LongLifes required
required 160
160 machine
machine hours.
hours.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 33
Assigning Overhead to Customers
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 34
Learning Objective 5
Use activity-based
costing to compute
product and customer
margins.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 35
Prepare Management Reports
Product Margin Calculations
The first step in computing product margins is to
gather each products sales and direct cost data.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 36
Prepare Management Reports
Product Margin Calculations
The second step in computing product margins is to
incorporate the previously computed activity-based
cost assignments pertaining to each product.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 37
Prepare Management Reports
Product Margin Calculations
The third step in computing product
margins is to deduct each products
direct and indirect costs from sales.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 38
Prepare Management Reports
Product Margin Calculations
The product margins can be reconciled with
the companys net operating income as follows:
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 39
Prepare Management Reports
Customer Margin Analysis
The first step in computing Acme Auto Parts customer
margin is to gather its sales and direct cost data.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 40
Prepare Management Reports
Customer Margin Analysis
The second step is to incorporate Acme Auto Parts
previously computed activity-based cost assignments.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 41
Prepare Management Reports
Customer Margin Analysis
The third step is to compute Acme Auto Parts customer margin of
$384 by deducting all its direct and indirect costs from its sales.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 42
Product Margins Computed Using the
Traditional Cost System
The first step in computing product margins is to
gather each products sales and direct cost data.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 43
Product Margins Computed Using the
Traditional Cost System
The second step in computing product margins
is to compute the plantwide overhead rate.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 44
Product Margins Computed Using the
Traditional Cost System
The third step in computing product margins is
allocate manufacturing overhead to each product.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 45
Product Margins Computed Using the
Traditional Cost System
The fourth step is to actually
compute the product margins.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 46
Differences Between ABC and Traditional
Product Costs
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 47
Differences Between ABC and Traditional
Product Costs
There are three reasons why the
reported product margins for the two
costing systems differ from one another.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 48
Differences Between ABC and Traditional
Product Costs
There are three reasons why the
reported product margins for the two
costing systems differ from one another.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 49
Differences Between ABC and Traditional
Product Costs
There are three reasons why the
reported product margins for the two
costing systems differ from one another.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 50
Activity-Based Costing and External Reporting
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 51
ABC Limitations
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 52
End of Chapter 8
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Slide 53