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MFCE
MFCE
For
Communication
Engineering
V. R. Gupta
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics and
Telecommunication
YCCE, Nagpur
Course code : ET 951
Course Name : Mathematical Foundations for
Communication Engineering
Course objective:
1. To develop an understanding of intermediate probability theory.
2. To develop an understanding of random variables.
3. Understanding the theory associated with sequences of random
variables.
4. To develop abstract and critical reasoning by studying logical
proofs and the axiomatic method as applied to basic probability.
1.
Based on Unit I & II
2.
Based on Unit III & IV
3. Based on Unit V and VI
(Self Learning topic)
NE
where: NE is the no. of ways E can occur
6 1
P[ getting a 7]
36 6
V. R. Gupta, Assist. Prof., ET,
YCCE, Nagpur
Probability as a Measure of Frequency of
occurrence
The Probability of an event E is computed as.
nE
P[ E ] lim
n n
here n n and therefore 0 P[ E ] 1
E
BA
Set Equality: A B
The definition of set equality is A B iff B A and A B
C B A or A B C
A B or AUB
B
A This operation is comulative and associative.
AUB B U A
( A U B) U C A U ( B U C )
if B A, then, A U B A
AU A A
A U{} A
AUS S
A1 U ........ U An S where Ai Aj {} j i
Thus,
U [ A1 ,........, An ]
AU A S AA {} A A S {}
if B A, then B A;
if A B, then B A;
V. R. Gupta, Assist. Prof., ET,
YCCE, Nagpur
Demorgans Law
AB
A U B AB
AB A U B
AB
A( B U C ) AB U AC
A( B U C ) A U B U C A U BC
AB U AC ( AB )( AC ) ( A U B )( A U C )
A U BC ( A U B )( A U C )
A( B U C ) AB U AC S UA S
A U BC ( A U B )( A U C ) {} A {}
V. R. Gupta, Assist. Prof., ET,
YCCE, Nagpur
c
AUB AI B A
A B A B A B
V. R. Gupta, Assist. Prof., ET,
YCCE, Nagpur
Probability Space
The space, S or is called the certain event, its
elements experimental outcomes, and its subsets
events.
The empty set {} is the impossible event.
The event { i} consisting of a single element i is an
elementary event .
2. P [ ] = 1
3. P [ E U F ] = P [ E ] + P [ F ] If EF=
6. P[ E ] 1 P[ E c ]
7. P[ E U F ] P[ E ] P[ F ] P[ EF ]
8. P[ E ] P[ B] P[ AB ] c
iff B A
These conditions are the axioms of the theory of probability