Functionalism Functionalism is the theoretical framework that defines society as a system of interrelated parts.
Social Problems are due to the
interrelated nature of society, and thus, the best way to understand and solve these problems is to understand the society as a whole. Functionalism Common Tenets of the Functionalist Approach 1. Society as a system of interrelated parts functioning for the good of the whole.
2. All Social Systems have four key
functions: Adaptation, Goal Attainment, Integration, and Latency. Functionalism Four Functions of Social Systems 1. Adaptation production and distribution of goods and services. 2. Goal Attainment writing and enforcing of the rules. 3. Integration procreation and socialization of children 4. Latency a system of values and beliefs Functionalism Four Functions of Social Systems 1.Adaptation ECONOMY 2.Goal Attainment POLITY 3.Integration FAMILY AND EDUCATION 4.Latency RELIGION Functionalism Common Tenets of the Functionalist Approach 3. Social Action takes place as a dynamic equilibrium within a social system of cultural norms and institutional structures.
Dynamic Equilibrium means that society is
always changing, wherein each functional imperative must adjust to changes that occur in other institutions. Functionalism Core Questions of the Functionalist Paradigm 1. What are the key components of society? 2. How do these components relate to each other? 3. What keeps society in balance? 4. What are the expected and unexpected consequence of an event? Functionalist Thinkers Talcott Parsons (19021979) Society is a grand interrelated system in which each individual is instrumental in keeping the system functional. Social problems are caused by individuals or groups not functioning properly E.g., instrumental and expressive roles in the family Functionalist Thinkers Robert Merton (19102003) Every action in society has manifest functions and latent functions Social problems are latent consequences of societal action E.g., housing projects Social problems can be seen as dysfunctions in society or caused by dysfunctions in society E.g., school shootings Functionalist Thinkers Herbert Spencer (18201903) Society can be considered a living organism
Social Darwinism - Social problems are
caused by biologically inferior people Functionalist Thinkers Emile Durkheim (18581917) Division of labor Social integration and social control (e.g., social facts, norms and values) hold society together Social problems are caused by lack of integration E.g., egoistic suicide Social problems are caused by weakening of norms (anomie) E.g., anomic suicide Core Questions