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4 Acid Rain
4 Acid Rain
Learning Outcome :
Calculate the concentration of H+ and OH- of solutions,
given their pH and vice versa.
Write equations to show how carbon dioxide produces
acidic rain.
Describe and write equations for the formation of acid
rain.
Describe the environmental effects of acid rain,
including its action on metals and carbonates and
on the leaching of cations (Al3+) from soils.
Calculate the pH of solutions of strong bases and
strong monoprotic acids.
pH value
pH is a measure of concentration
of H+ ions where this is taken as
the concentration of H+ relative to
the standard 1 mol/L
pH = - log [H+]
pOH = - log [OH-]
pH + pOH = 14
Example
Calculate the pH value Calculate the
of hydrochloric acid
with the concentration
concentration of acid
of 0.02mol/L. rain if the pH value is
HCl H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) 5.6.
[H+] = 0.02mol/L pH = - log [H+]
pH = - log [0.02]
[H+] = Antilog (-pH)
= 1.7
[H+] = Antilog (-5.6)
i.e. [10^(-5.6)]
= 2.51 X 10-6
mol/L
Rain water
Rain containing dissolved carbon
dioxide is acidic.
Carbon dioxide dissolves in rain
2. Formation of NO2
NO will be further oxidised to NO2
2NO (g) + O2 (g) 2NO2 (g)
`
3. Formation of acid
NO2 dissolves in rain water to form
nitrous acid (HNO2) and nitric acid
(HNO3).
2NO2 (g) + H2O (l)