AMERICAN COLONIAL

RULE: POLICY AND

GOVERNANCE
(1899 1907)
THE MILITARY
RULE
Gen. Wesley Merritt
Commander of the American
Forces
First Military Governor
(August 14, 1898)
Announced the military
occupation in Manila
Gen. Elwell Otis
Second Military
Governor
(August 29, 1898
1900)
Gen. Arthur
MacArthur
Last Military Governor
(May 5, 1900 1901)
 Powers
Executive
Legislative

Military judiciary

governor Duties

Pacification of the provinces

Maintenance of peace and order in areas
already pacified
AMERICAN POLICY
IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 First Philippine Commission
Named after its chairman, Dr. Jacob
Gould Schurman
fact-finding commission

Schurman Mckinleys Instructions - guide

1. authority of the United States should be

Commission extended all over the Philippines in a

peaceful manner
(March 4, 1899) 2. to secure, with the least possible delay,
the benefits of a wise and generous
protection of life and property
3. to respect the customs and traditions of the
Filipinos
4. to tell the Filipinos about Americas just
and benevolent intentions
 FUNCTIONS
1. To deliver Americans message of
good will to the Filipino people
Schurman 2. To investigate the conditions of the

Commission Philippines
3. To make recommendations to the
(March 4, 1899) President of the United States as to
the kind of government to be
established in the Philippines
 RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPLEMENT
AMERICAN RULE
1. The enforcement of American
sovereignty over the entire
Philippines
Schurman 2. Training for self-government of the

Commission Filipinos compatible with the

maintenance of order and with a
(March 4, 1899) wise, just, and economical
administration of public affairs
3. Protection of the civil rights of the
Filipinos
4. The promotion of the welfare of the
Filipinos
 Second Philippines Commission
William Howard Taft, chairman
To fulfill the benevolent intentions
of the Americans
Taft
Commission Free Primary Education
English Language
(March 6, 1900)

organizing commission
Stayed to organized the Civil
Government
THE CIVIL
GOVERNMENT
 Spooner
Amendment
Senator John Spooner
of Wisconsin
March 1901 Army
Appropriations Act
Basis of the civil
government
 William
Howard Taft
July 4, 1901
inauguration of the
Civil Government at
Luneta
First Civil Governor
Philippine
Commission
First lawmaking body
of the Philippines
under the Americans
THE CONTINUING
RESISTANCE
 Not all provinces were pacified

Resistance Guerrilla Fighting (peak 1899 -

to Tafts
1900)
Agriculture was neglected

Policy Scarce food supply

Poor sanitation conditions
Not enough money
 Macario Sakay

A barber from Tondo, stage

actor in Moro-moro
Tried to revive Katipunan
Took command of the
guerrillas in the Rizal
Cavite Laguna Batangas
area
 Formed by Macario Sakay, Julian
Montalan and Cornelio Felizardo
Tagalog Republic
President: Macario Sakay
Vice President: Francisco
Carreon

Declared that he and his men

were real revolutionaries
because they had a flag, a
government, and a
constitution.
 Depopulation
Total Population
Rizal
YEAR POPULATION
1887 5, 662, 459 YEAR POPULATION
1896 6, 261, 339 1887 188, 677
1897 7, 928, 384 1903 148, 502
1903 7, 635, 426
 PROVINCE 1887 CENSUS 1903 CENSUS
Batangas 311, 180 257, 715
Cebu 518, 032 653, 727
Iloilo 433, 462 403, 932

Depopulation Leyte
Samar
270, 491
195, 386
388, 922
265, 549
Albay 228, 139 239, 434
Provinces in Luzon Sorsogon 98, 650 164, 129
Tarlac 89, 339 133, 513
Nueva Ecija 156, 610 132, 999
Zambales 87, 295 56, 762
Bataan 50, 761 45, 166
Pangasinan 302, 178 439, 135
Cagayan 96, 367 142, 825
Ilocos Sur 215, 792 211, 623
Ilocos Norte 163, 349 176, 785
LAWS AND ACTS OF
SUPPRESSION
 Brigandage Act (November 12, 1902)
December 20, 1900 Severe penalty to those found
stealing carabaos
Martial Law was
declared
Reconcentration Act (June 1, 1903)
To discourage civilians from
Sedition Law (November supporting guerrillas and to subject
4, 1901) them to zoning
Act No. 292
Any Filipino advocating Flag Law (August 23, 1907)
independence or Banning the display or use of all
separation from the Filipino banners, flag, and emblems.
United States would be
punished severely by
death or imprisonment
NATIONALISM IN
LITERATURE AND
JOURNALISM

NATIONALISTIC PAPERS
El Nuevo Dia (The New Day) by Sergio
Osmea
El Gritto del Pueblo by Pascual H.
Poblete
El Renacimiento by Rafael Palma
NATIONALISTIC STAGE PLAYS
Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas by Aurelio
Tolentino
Hindi Ako Patay by Juan Cruz Matapang
Pag-ibig sa Lupang Tinubuan by Pascual H.
Poblete
Walang Sugat by Severino Reyes
Tanikalang Ginto by Juan Abad

BANISHMENT OF THE PATRIOTS

General Arthur MacArthur imposed strict censorship on the native press and plays
January 7, 1901 57 Filipino patriots were deported to Guam. Among the deportees
were Apolinario Mabini, Artemio Ricarte, and Pablo Ocampo.
-- THE END --