Training on Fluid Coupling

Training on Fluid Coupling

Introduction of Fluid Coupling

A Fluid coupling is a hydrodynamic coupling bases on
Foettinger principle. This principle states that The sum of
moments with in the fluid coupling system must equal to
zero. It follows that output torque must always equal to
input torque applied to the coupling.
A Fluid coupling consists of a Impeller on the drive shaft
and adjacent to a turbine on the driven shaft, both in a
closed housing. Energy is transmitted from the prime
mover to the driven machine by working fluid with a
minimum transmission losses. In this type of coupling
there is no mechanical contact between power transmitting
parts.
 Training on Fluid Coupling

Theory :
Torque transmitted by the fluid coupling is directly
proportional to square of the input speed of the coupling.
T N2
T = k.d.Q.D5.N2
T : Torque transmitted by Fluid coupling
K : Equality constant derived empirically
d : Density
Q : Volume of liquid in hydraulic circuit
D : Profile diameter of Impeller/Rotor
N : Input Speed in RPM of coupling

H.P. = 2..N.T/4500 = (2.. k/4500) x d.Q.N3.D5

H.P. d.Q
D5
N3
 Training on Fluid Coupling

Characteristics :
1. It has a centrifugal characteristic during starting,
enabling no load start of prime mover which is a great
importance.
2. The slippage characteristic of coupling provides a wide
range of power transmission, speed variation, smooth &
controlled acceleration etc.
3. By varying oil quantity in the coupling torque
transmitting capacity can be varied.
 Training on Fluid Coupling

Type of Fluid Coupling :

1. FluidomatT: It is a constant filling type coupling for
transmission of mechanical power. It Comprises of a
driving plate on the input side & flexible coupling on the
output side.
2. Fluidomat-SM: It is a constant filling type coupling
designed for direct mounting on machine or motor
shafts & flexible coupling on the other side.
3. Fluidomat-SMD: IT is a coupling of SM type with an
additional delayed filling oil chamber. At standstill a
part of the oil from the main working circuit is drained
into this oil chamber & during acceleration of the
machine this oil is fed back to the working circuit at a
controlled rate.
 Training on Fluid Coupling

Type of Fluid Coupling :

4. Fluidmat-SMP : It is a constant filling type coupling
designed for direct mounting on machine or motor shafts
& other connection is achieved by belt drive through
pulley.
5. Fluidomat-SF : It is a steel cased coupling and has been
designed to eliminate fire & explosion hazards in the
vicinity of the fluid coupling at fire hazardous sites.
6. Fluidomat-WF : It is a steel cased coupling similar to SF
type. Operating fluid in this coupling is water.
7. Fluidomat-SC : This is variable speed fluid coupling.
Speed is controlled by scoop tube. In this type of
coupling rotary body is fully enclosed in steel
housing.
Training on Fluid Coupling

Cross Section of
Fluid Coupling
Training on Fluid Coupling
 Training on Fluid Coupling
Comparison of Power Consumption By
SCFC & Damper
800

600
Power (KW)

400

200

100 99 95 94 90 85 82 81 79 77 75 72 70 67 66 65
% Speed (RPM)
Power in VSFC Opn. Power in Damper Opn.
Training on Fluid Coupling
Training on Fluid Coupling
Training on Fluid Coupling
Training on Fluid Coupling
 Training on Fluid Coupling
Power in % % Power Power in
Power
Current VSFC Volume in Damper
% Scoop % Power Saving
Amps Opn. or % Damper Opn.
Kw
Kw Speed Opn. Kw
100 110 100 750 100 100 750 0
95 110 100 750 100 100 750 0
90 108 98 736 99 100 750 14
85 105 95 716 95 99 743 27
80 100 91 682 95 99 743 61
75 97 86 661 94 99 743 81
70 88 80 600 90 98 735 135
65 82 75 559 85 97 728 168
60 77 70 525 82 96 720 195
55 73 66 498 81 96 720 222
50 66 62 464 79 95 713 249
45 64 58 436 77 94 705 269
40 60 55 409 75 93 698 288
35 57 52 389 72 92 690 301
30 52 47 355 70 91 683 328
25 50 45 341 66 90 675 334
20 48 44 327 66 89 668 340
15 47 43 320 65 88 660 340
18 46 42 314 65 87 653 339
 Training on Fluid Coupling

Advantages of Fluid Coupling :

1. Wear free power transmission because of absence of mechanical
connection between the input & output elements.
2. No load startup of motor, irrespective of machine load & motor
peak torque utilized for machine acceleration.
3. Motor selection to operating HP rather than starting loads thus
saving on energy & capital cost.
4. Simple control of maximum or limiting torque by easy variation
of oil filling.
5. Automatic unloading of prime mover in case of any sustained
overload by blowing of fusible plug.
6. Smooth & controlled acceleration of driven machines.
7. Step less speed variation in wide range obtained in scoop
controlled fluid coupling.
 Training on Fluid Coupling

Introduction : Torque Converter

A torque converter is a type of fluid coupling, which allows
the engine to spin somewhat independently of the
transmission.
The torque converter consists of three main components:
the impeller, the turbine, and the stator. The impeller is
bolted directly to the flex plate, and rotates at engine
speeds. The turbine is splined to the input shaft of the
transmission. The stator is sandwiched between these two.
All three components have canted blades that are
somewhat similar to those of a fan. The converter assembly
is filled with transmission fluid, which it shares with the
rest of the transmission
 Training on Fluid Coupling

Pump
Turbine
Stator
Transmission Fluid
Training on Fluid Coupling
 Training on Fluid Coupling

Working Principle
At lower speeds, the fluid leaves the turbine at an angle,
and enters into the stator. The blades of the stator
accelerate the fluid, and then send it back into the impeller
at a higher pressure, where it is then accelerated again,
and sent back to the turbine at an even higher pressure.
This is called vortex flow and it is what creates the torque
multiplication (2:1). While this multiplication phase makes
tremendous power, it also generates tremendous heat and
drastically reduces efficiency.
Without a stator installed, the ATF would be reflected back
from the turbine to the impeller in a direction that
impedes the impeller operation.
 Training on Fluid Coupling

What is the difference

between a fluid coupling and
a torque converter?
How do they actually transfer
power ?
 Training on Fluid Coupling

Difference between Fluid Coupling & Torque Converter

Fluid Coupling Torque Converter
It consist only two members,
the impeller & the turbine.
Both halves of a fluid coupling
are constructed identically with
flat-type vanes.
It consist a third element, stator with
a finned element that fits between
the impeller and the turbine.
The vanes of the impeller and
turbine are curved, and are
oriented differently in the two
units. The curved vane allows the
ATF to change directions rather
gradually as it passes between the
impeller and the turbine. This
gradual change of direction
imparts more force to the turbine
as the oil strikes it.
 Training on Fluid Coupling

Difference between Fluid Coupling & Torque Converter

Fluid Coupling Torque Converter
It consist only two members,
the impeller & the turbine.
Both halves of a fluid coupling
are constructed identically with
flat-type vanes.
It consist a third element, stator with
a finned element that fits between
the impeller and the turbine.
The vanes of the impeller and
turbine are curved, and are
oriented differently in the two
units. The curved vane allows the
ATF to change directions rather
gradually as it passes between the
impeller and the turbine. This
gradual change of direction
imparts more force to the turbine
as the oil strikes it.
 Training on Fluid Coupling
Torque Rate (Output/Input)

Speed Rate (Output/Input)

Training on Fluid Coupling