QUADCOPTER

PRESENTED BY-
NISHA MEENA

2K13/EE/084
 CONTENTS
Introduction
Basic Materials Required
Working Principle
Block Diagram
Layout
Advantages
Disadvantages
Applications
References
 INTRODUCTION
Quad copter is an aerial vehicle which is
operated to fly independently.
It is a type of a small representation of
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV).
A Quadcopter, also called a Quadrotor
helicopter, is a Multicopter that is lifted
and propelled by four rotors.
Control of vehicle motion is achieved by
altering the rotation rate of one or more
rotor discs, thereby changing its torque
load and thrust/lift characteristics.
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

K.K. Multicontroller v.5.5

Brushless Motors 1200kV

1.2 GHz Transmitter and Receiver
Electronic Speed Controllers (ESC)
Bullet Connectors
Propellers
Gyroscope
Accelerometer
A strong base as to hold the structure
ELECTRONIC SPEED CONTROLLER

Anelectronic speed controlorESCis an

electronic circuitwith the purpose to vary
anelectric motor's speed, its direction and
possibly also to act as adynamic brake. ESCs
are often used on electrically powered
radio controlled models, with the variety
most often used forbrushless motors
essentially providing an electronically
generatedthree-phase electric powerlow
voltage source of energy for the motor.
 An ESC can be a stand-alone unit which plugs into the
receiver's throttle control channel or incorporated into
the receiver itself, as is the case in most toy-grade R/C
vehicles. Some R/C manufacturers that install
proprietary hobby-grade electronics in their entry-level
vehicles, vessels or aircraft use on board electronics
that combine the two on a single circuit board.
KK2.1.5 FLIGHT CONTROLLER

The HobbyKing KK2.1.5 Multi-Rotor controller is a flight control board for

multi-rotor aircraft (Tricopters, Quadcopters, Hexcopters etc). Its purpose is
to stabilize the aircraft during flight. To do this it takes the signal from the
6050MPU gyro/acc (roll, pitch and yaw) then passes the signal to the
Atmega644PA IC
 . The Atmega644PA IC unit then processes these signals
according the users selected firmware and passes control
signals to the installed Electronic Speed Controllers (ESCs).
These signals instruct theESCs to make fine adjustments to
the motors rotational speed which in turn stabilizes your
multi-rotor craft.

The HobbyKing KK2.1.5 Multi-Rotor control board also uses

signals from your radio systems receiver (Rx) and passes
these signals to the Atmega644PA IC via the aileron,
elevator, throttle and rudder inputs. Once this information
has been processed the IC will send varying signals to
theESCs which in turn adjust the rotational speed of each
motor to induce controlled flight (up, down, backwards,
forwards, left, right, yaw).
BLDC MOTOR

These BLDC motors are designed with one thing

in mind - maximising multirotor performance!
They have several unique features including
high-end magnets, high quality bearings and all
are precision balanced for smooth running.
These motors are engineered specifically for
multi-rotor use.
 Included are prop adapters for CW and CCW
rotation and a built in aluminum mount for
direct installation on your multi-rotor frame.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
MOTOR

DRIVERS

MOTOR
MOTOR

DRIVERS

DRIVERS
MICRO
CONTROLL
ER
(ATMEGA
16)

DRIVERS

MOTOR
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
Quadcopter is a device with a intense mixture of
Electronics, Mechanical and mainly on the principle of
Aviation.
The Quadcopter has 4 motors whose speed of
rotation and the direction of rotation changes
according to the users desire to move the device in a
particular direction (i.e Takeoff motion, Landing
motion, Forward motion, Backward motion, Left
motion, Right Motion. )
The rotation of Motors changes as per the transmitted
signal send from the 6-Channel transmitter.
The program for which is written in the AT-MEGA 16
chip.
The signal from microcontroller goes to ESCs which in
turn control the speed of motor.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE MOTOR ROTATION

Take off Motion

Landing Motion
 WORKING PRINCIPLE MOTOR ROTATION

FORWARD MOTION

BACKWARD MOTION
 WORKING PRINCIPLE MOTOR ROTATION

RIGHT MOTION

LEFT MOTION
 ADVANTAGES
Small-scale quad -copters have frames that enclose
the rotors, permitting flights through more
challenging environments, with lower risk of
damaging the vehicle or its surroundings.
Small-scale UAVs makes the vehicles safer for close
interaction.
Quadcopters do not require mechanical linkages to
vary the rotor blade pitch angle as they spin. This
simplifies the design and maintenance of the
vehicle.
The use of four rotors allows each individual rotor
to have a smaller diameter than the equivalent
helicopter rotor, allowing them to possess less
kinetic energy during flight.
 DISADVANTAGES

The most significant problem to date have

been an ambitious development schedule
coupled with very limited funds.
The ambition is followed by complexity in
calculation and designing.
 APPLICATIONS
Military
Quadcopter - Unmanned Arial Vehicle are used for
surveillance and reconnaissance by military and law
enforcement agencies, as well as search and rescue
missions in urban environments.
 One such example is the Aeryon Scout, created by
Canadian company Aeryon Labs, which is a small UAV that
can quietly hover in place and use a camera to observe
people and objects on the ground.
The company claims that the machine played a key role in
a drug bust in Central America by providing visual
surveillance of a Drug Traffickers compound deep in the
jungle (Aeryon won't reveal the country's name and other
specifics).
APPLICATIONS COMMERCIAL
Perimeter Detection

You can identify potential threats and dangers, such as

unauthorized entry of
intrusionwithinfraredimagingcamerascoveringthecompletewa
velength.Unique from short wave till long wave thermal
imaging.
Night Vision

You can easily detect people or objects with thermal imaging

cameras .However SWIR In GaAs cameras are a good
compliment to thermal imaging cameras. While thermal
imaging can detect the presence of a warm object against a
cool background , a SWIR camera can actually identify what
that object is.
Search and Rescue

Saving lives with infrared imaging is proven to be an

eminently viable tool. Infrared camera systems detect
humans in the worst weather conditions and add value by
seeing beyond the spectral range of the human eye.
 REFERENCES

Google.

Wikipedia.
THANK YOU