IN VITRO

FIRTILIZATION
SUBMITTED BY:
KINGSHUK MANDAL
3RD SEMISTER, ROLL NO- 19
DEPT. OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY WITH
COMMUNITY HEALTH

VIDYASAGAR UNIVERSITY
 INTRODUCTION
IVF : In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro: In glass

Fertilization: Ova + Sperm

In Vitro Fertilization is a one Assisted Reproductive

Technology (ART) commonly referred to as IVF. IVF is the
process of fertilization by manually combining an egg and
sperm in a laboratory dish, and then transferring the
 History of in vitro fertilization
In 1977, Dr. Steptoe and Dr. Edwards successfully carried out a
pioneering conception which resulted in the birth of the world's first baby
to be conceived by IVF, Louise joy Brown (daughter of Gilbert Brawn and
Lesley Brawn ) on 25 July 1978, in Oldham General Hospital, Greater
Manchester. He won 2010 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.
The second successful birth of a test tube baby occurred in India just
67 days after Louise Brown was born. The girl, named Kanupriya Agarwal
(Durga) conceived in vitro using the methods of Dr. Subhash
Mukhopadhyay , a physician and researcher from Kolkata.
 What is involved with in vitro fertilization?
There are five basic steps in the IVF and embryo transfer process:
1.Monitor and stimulate the development of healthy egg(s) in the
ovaries.
2.Collect the eggs.
3.Secure the sperm.
4.Combine the eggs and sperm together in the laboratory and provide
the appropriate environment for fertilization and early embryo growth.
5.Transfer embryos into the uterus.
Step 1: Fertility medications are prescribed to stimulate egg
production. Here FSH including drug may be applied , such as
CLOMIPHENE. Multiple eggs are desired because some eggs will
not develop or fertilize after retrieval. Transvaginal ultrasound is
used to examine the ovaries, and blood test samples are taken to
check hormone levels (mainly Estrogen, Progesterone, LH) .
Step 2: Eggs are retrieved through a minor surgical procedure
that uses ultrasound imaging to guide a hollow needle through
the pelvic cavity to remove the eggs. Medication is provided to
reduce and remove potential discomfort. Collecting eggs are
incubated within specific culture medium at body temperature
for 5-10 hours. Some important culture medium are modified
Hams F10, modified Whittens,
Whittinghams T6 medium.
 CONTINUED..

Step 4: In a process called insemination, the sperm and eggs are

mixed together and stored in a laboratory to encourage
fertilization. In some cases where there is a lower probability of
fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used.
Through this procedure, a single sperm is injected directly into
the egg in an attempt to achieve fertilization. The eggs are
monitored to confirm that fertilization and cell division are taking
place. Once this occurs, the fertilized eggs are considered
embryos.
Step 5: The embryos are usually transferred into the womans
uterus three to five days following egg retrieval and fertilization.
A catheter or small tube is inserted into the uterus to transfer
 Hormonal Basic Principle of IVF
treatment

Female

Harvest
the ovum

Mature Ova
Keep to
Mix in a test tube develop
embryo
Motile sperms

Collect semen
Transfer
to mother
Male
Natural
ejaculation
 Why is IVF used?

IVF can be used to treat infertility with the

following patients:
Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
Male factor infertility including decreased
sperm count or sperm motility
Women with ovulation disorders,
premature ovarian failure, uterine fibroids
Women who have had their fallopian
tubes removed
Individuals with a genetic disorder
Unexplained infertility Blastocyst for transfer

 How successful is in vitro fertilization?

The success rate of IVF clinics depends on a number of factors including reproductive history,
maternal age, cause of infertility, and lifestyle factors. It is also important to understand that
pregnancy rates are not the same as live birth rates.
In the United States, the live birth rate for each IVF cycle started is approximately:
41-43% for women under age 35 33-36% for women
ages 35 to 37
23-27% for women ages 38 to 40 13-18% for women
ages over 40
 Side effects of in vitro fertilization
Passing a small amount of fluid (may be clear or blood-tinged) after the
procedure
Mild cramping
Mild bloating
Constipation
Breast tenderness
 What are the risks associated with in vitro
fertilization?
Nausea or vomiting
Decreased urinary frequency
Shortness of breath
Faintness
Severe stomach pains and bloating
Ten pound weight gain within three to five days
Additional risks of IVF include the following:
Egg retrieval carries risks of bleeding, infection, and damage to the bowel or
bladder.
The chance of a multiples pregnancy is increased with the use of fertility
treatment. There are additional risks and concerns related to multiples during
pregnancy including the increased risk of premature delivery and low birth
 Alternates of IVF
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT): GIFT
issimilar to IVF.It is used when a woman has
at leastone normal fallopian tube.Eggs are
placed in this tube along with a mans sperm
to fertilize there.

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT): ZIFT is

tubal embryo transfer in which a womans
eggs are taken from her ovaries, fertilized in
the laboratory, and put back in the fallopian
tubes rather than the uterus.
 CONTINUED..

Assisted fertilization techniques when not enough sperm

are available or sperm quality is not sufficient to fertilize
include the following:

Partial zona dissection

Subzonal sperm injection
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Embryo cryopreservation (frozen fertilized egg and
sperm)
 CONCLUSION
Thousands of infertile couples could realise their dreams of
becoming parents thanks to a new test that allows IVF treatment
to be tailored to a woman's individual fertility cycle.
IVF Surrogacy refers to a situation whereby a woman carries a
pregnancy and gives birth to a baby for a couple who wants a child
but can not have the child on their own. Simply put, it is carrying a
pregnancy and giving birth for the intended parents.
Thank you