ME 231

Thermodynamics-I

Lecture 16
Fall 2016
Ideal Gas Equation of State
Any equation that relates the pressure,
temperature, and specific volume of a
substance is called an equation of state.

Universal Gas Constant Ru = 8.31434 kJ/kmol-K

Molar Mass (Molecular Weight):

The mass of one mole of a substance in grams.
OR
The mass of one kmol of a substance in kilograms.
2
Forms of Ideal Gas Law
PV mRT
Pv RT
m=MN
PV NRuT Ru=MR
P v RuT, v V/N
P1V1 P2V2

T1 T2
An ideal gas is an imaginary substance that
obeys the relation Pv=RT
Ideal-gas relation given closely approximates
the P-v-T behavior of real gases at low
densities.
Dense gases such as water vapor, however,
should not be treated as ideal gases. 3
Is Water Vapor an Ideal Gas?

4
 Measure of Deviation from Ideal
Gas Behavior for P-v-T behaviors of real gases
Good approximation
at low densities (low pressure and high temperature).
Air, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, helium, argon, neon,
carbon dioxide, . ( < 1% error).

ompressibility Factor
The deviation from ideal-gas behavior can be
properly accounted for by using the compressibility
factor Z.

Z represents the volume ratio or

compressibility. 5
 Compressibility Factor
Pv = ZRT or
P v = ZRuT, where v is volume per
unit mole.
Z is known as the compressibility
factor.
ompressibility Factor
Real gases, Z < 1 or Z > 1.
It accounts mainly for two things
Molecular structure
Intermolecular attractive forces