Sterilization OF INSTRUMENTS

in DENTAL CLINIC
A project created by the students of department of
dentistry at IHUC
:As the following
Ahmed Mohammed Hassan.
Hassan Kareem .
. Hasanien Razzagh
Ali Mousa.
Hassan Rasool.
 Introduction
Effective and efficient infection control in the
dental office is essential for the safety of
patients and to ensure that productivity does
not suffer. Infection control programs all
include the cleaning and sterilization of
reusable dental instruments and devices.
Care must be taken by the dental healthcare
professional to ensure that all instruments
are cleaned prior to sterilization, and that this
is carried out in a safe manner to avoid injury
 Instrument Processing
Clean the dental instruments manually - 1
or through mechanical means like a
thermal washer disinfector or an ultrasonic
bath. Infection Control Services says that
dental instruments cannot be sterilized
properly unless they are thoroughly
. cleaned beforehand
 Cleaning can be accomplished by two
:automated approved methods
First method : Instrument washers (which resemble
a dishwasher but are made to clean instruments;
regular dishwashers are not appropriate nor are they
recommended)
Second method :Ultrasonic cleaners Always use a
recommended ultrasonic solution. Also, establish a
schedule for testing the effectiveness of the ultrasonic.
To do this, simply dip several inches of a sheet of
aluminum foil in the ultrasonic and turn on for 20
seconds. If the unit is functioning properly, the foil will be
full of indentations and holes. If not, a repair is needed
Ultrasonic cleaners Instrument washers
They may also be cleaned manually, but this
presents more risk of an occupational
. exposure
If you must clean instruments manually , wear all
PPE, use a scrub brush with a long handle , and
scrub just a few at a time while holding deep in a
sink. Rinse and inspect each instrument before
packaging. They should not have any debris
.remaining
 Instrument Processing
Afterward cleaning through either manual or - 2
mechanical means, the dental instruments should be
.dried with a disposable cloth
Package the dried items into medical grade - 3
sterilization wraps or sterilization cassettes to prepare
them for sterilization. They must be properly
packaged before they are loaded into the heat
.sterilization unit
Sterilize the instruments using a heat steam, or - 4
chemical process. Heat is the usual method used in
a dental setting. Use sterilization equipment that is
approved by the Food and Drug Administration for
dental sterilization work and operate it according to
the manufacturers specific instructions
Storage the sterilized instruments in their intact - 5
packaging. According to the Centers for Disease Control, the
packaging must remain sealed and undamaged in order to
retain sterile nature of the instrument. If the packaging gets
wet, tears or is damaged in some way, the instrument should
be sterilized again through the same process
 Hand piece asepsis
Sterilization between patients with acceptable -
methods that ensure internal as well as
external sterility is recommended
For proper sterilization of hand piece, the
;manufacturers instructions must be followed
First, the hand piece should be flushed with water by
running it for 20 to 30
. seconds, discharging the water into a container
If recommended by the manufacturer, use ultrasonic cleaner
to remove any adherent material, otherwise, it should be
.scrubbed thoroughly with a detergent and hot water
Package for sterilization in steam or unsaturated chemical
vapour following the manufacturers directions. If disinfecting
a hand piece that cannot be heat sterilized, spray or saturate
..with disinfectant recommended by the manufacturer
To protect yourself Just wear like
what i wear
 Method of sterilization

.Steam pressure sterilization (autoclave) -1

Chemical vapor pressure sterilization (Chemiclave) -2

.Dry heat sterilization (Dryclave)-3

 Steam pressure sterilization
(autoclave)
Time required 15 min time at 2500F (1210C) and
15 lbs of pressure (light load of instruments)
Wrapped instruments 7 min, 2730F (1340C) at
30 pounds of pressure. Preformed in a steam auto
.clave
 Steam pressure sterilization
(autoclave)

Advantages - Most rapid and effective method for sterilizing

cloth surgical packs and towel packs

Disadvantages Items sensitive to elevated temperature

. cannot be autoclaved
. Tends to rust carbon steel instruments and burs-
Burs can be protected by submerging in anticorrosive agent- -
2% sodium nitrite
 Chemical vapor sterilization
(chemiclave)

Performed in a chemiclave - Operate at 2700F (1310C) at

.20 lbs for half an hour

Advantages: - Carbon steel and burs are said to be

sterilized without rust
 Chemical vapor sterilization
(chemiclave)

: Disadvantages
.Items sensitive to elevated temperature will be damaged -
Towels and heavy cloth wrapping may not be penetrated to provide -
.adequate sterilization
Only dry instruments should be loaded-
 Dry heat sterilization
( Conventional dry heat oven )
Heated at 320oF (1600C) for 30 min. Instruments should be
.packaged in foil wrap or nylon bags
.Wrapped instruments : 3350- 3450 F for 60-90 mins
:- Short cycle high temperature dry heat Oven
: Sterilization time reduced
.min for unwrapped 6
.min for wrapped 12
Temperature 370 3750F
Thanks for your attention