Group members:

SAEED UD DIN (15)

SYED AMIR KAZMI (07)
MALIK BASEER (23)
History

Gene Amdahl, chief architect of IBM's first

mainframe series and founder of Amdahl
Corporation and other companies found that
there were some fairly stringent restrictions
on how much of a speedup one could get for
a given parallelized task. These observations
were wrapped up in Amdahl's Law
 Amdahl's Law
Validity of the single processor approach
to achieving large scale computing
capabilities
If F is the fraction of a calculation that is
sequential, and (1-F) is the fraction that can
be parallelized, then the maximum speed-up
that can be achieved by using P processors
is 1/(F+(1-F)/P).
Amdahls Law

Fraction enhanced
ExTimenew ExTime old 1 Fraction enhanced
Speedupenhanced

ExTimeold 1
Speedupoverall
ExTimenew Fraction enhanced
1 Fractionenhanced
Speedupenhanced

Best you could ever hope to do:

1
Speedupmaximum
1 - Fractionenhanced
Amdahls Law example: Make the common case fast

Fraction = 0.1, Speedup = 10

1
Speedup overall
1 Fraction enhanced Fraction enhanced
Speedup enhanced
1 1
1.1
1 0.1 0.1 0.91
10
Fraction = 0.9, Speedup = 10

1 1
Speedup overall 5.3
1 0.9 0.9 0.19
10
Amdahls Law example

New CPU 10X faster

I/O bound server, so 60% time waiting for I/O

1
Speedup overall
1 Fraction enhanced Fraction enhanced
Speedup enhanced
1 1
1.56
1 0.4 0.4 0.64
10
Apparently, its human nature to be attracted by 10X
faster, vs. keeping in perspective its just 1.6X faster
MAXIMUM THEORETICAL SPEED-UP

Amdahl's Law is a statement of the maximum

theoretical speed-up you can ever hope to
achieve. The actual speed-ups are always
less than the speed-up predicted by
Amdahl's Law
Questions ?