Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nosocomial Infection: Ridha Wahyutomo Dept. Clinical Microbiology
Nosocomial Infection: Ridha Wahyutomo Dept. Clinical Microbiology
Nosocomial Infection: Ridha Wahyutomo Dept. Clinical Microbiology
Ridha Wahyutomo
Dept. Clinical Microbiology
INTRODUCTION
New microorganism
Increasing number of
people with compromised
immune system
Increasing Bacterial
resistance
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Nosocomial infections can be
exogenous (external organism) and
endogenous (opportunist normal flora)
Contact
Vector borne
Air borne
Droplet
Common vehicle
DROPLET TRANSMISSION
Droplet generated by sneezing
Coughing or respiratory tract procedures
like Broncoscopy or suction
VECTOR TRANSMISSION
Transmitted through insects and
Other invertebrates animals
such as mosquitoes and fleas.
AIR BORNE TRANSMISSION
Tiny droplet nuclei that remain (<5)
suspended in air.
Direct-contact transmission
Involves a direct body surface-to-body surface
contact and physical transfer of microorganisms
between a susceptible host and an infected or
colonized person, such as occurs when a
person turns a patient, gives a patient a bath
Indirect-contact transmission
Involves contact of a susceptible host with a
contaminated intermediate object, usually
inanimate, such as contaminated instruments,
needles, or dressings, or contaminated gloves
that are not changed between patients
AGENTS OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
VIRUS
BACTERIA
FUNGI
COMMON SITES OF INFECTION
COMMON INFECTIONS
Following are the most common nosocomial infections:
Urinary tract infection
Pneumonia
Nosocomial suffering
Prolonged hospital stay
Increase the cost of care
significantly
SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS
They are also frequent
ISOLATION
Designed to prevent transmission of
microorganisms by common routes in
hospitals. Because agent and host factors
are more difficult to control, interruption of
transfer of microorganisms is directed
primarily at transmission.
Sterilization
Sterilization of all reusable equipments
such as ventilator, humidifier and
any device that come in contact
with the respiratory tract.
Wear Gloves
They re worn for two reasons:
Previous disease
Get involved
Be assertive about your rights
To be a part of the decision
Process for your medical care
CONCLUSION
There is no official national approach and no real
managerial support from authorities for nosocomial
infection