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    PA Neuropatologi 2012 - Dr. Cahyono

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    Ta Ra
    This document summarizes topics in neuropathology including: 1. Neuronal degeneration processes like chromatolysis and neurolysis 2. Congenital abnormalities like hydrocephalus caused by infections during pregnancy disturbing CSF circulation 3. Strokes including hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic forms caused by thrombus, emboli, atherosclerosis, and other conditions 4. CNS infections like meningitis and encephalitis causing fever, seizures, and decreased consciousness 5. CNS tumors in different areas including their signs, symptoms and pathology 6. Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, explaining their clinical features and pathologies.

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    PA Neuropatologi 2012 - Dr. Cahyono

    Uploaded by

    Ta Ra
    21 views67 pages
    This document summarizes topics in neuropathology including: 1. Neuronal degeneration processes like chromatolysis and neurolysis 2. Congenital abnormalities like hydrocephalus caused by infections during pregnancy disturbing CSF circulation 3. Strokes including hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic forms caused by thrombus, emboli, atherosclerosis, and other conditions 4. CNS infections like meningitis and encephalitis causing fever, seizures, and decreased consciousness 5. CNS tumors in different areas including their signs, symptoms and pathology 6. Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, explaining their clinical features and pathologies.

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    This document summarizes topics in neuropathology including: 1. Neuronal degeneration processes like chromatolysis and neurolysis 2. Congenital abnormalities like hydrocephalus caused by infections during pregnancy disturbing CSF circulation 3. Strokes including hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic forms caused by thrombus, emboli, atherosclerosis, and other conditions 4. CNS infections like meningitis and encephalitis causing fever, seizures, and decreased consciousness 5. CNS tumors in different areas including their signs, symptoms and pathology 6. Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, explaining their clinical features and pathologies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    21 views67 pages

    PA Neuropatologi 2012 - Dr. Cahyono

    Uploaded by

    Ta Ra
    This document summarizes topics in neuropathology including: 1. Neuronal degeneration processes like chromatolysis and neurolysis 2. Congenital abnormalities like hydrocephalus caused by infections during pregnancy disturbing CSF circulation 3. Strokes including hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic forms caused by thrombus, emboli, atherosclerosis, and other conditions 4. CNS infections like meningitis and encephalitis causing fever, seizures, and decreased consciousness 5. CNS tumors in different areas including their signs, symptoms and pathology 6. Neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, explaining their clinical features and pathologies.

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    of 67

    Pathology of CNS

    europathology

    Oleh:
    Dr. Cahyono Kaelan, Ph.D, Sp.PA(K), Sp.S
    Topics
    1.Introduction to Neuroanatomy
    2.Neuronal Degeneration
    3.Congenital Abnormality
    (Hydrocephalus)
    4. Strokes (HS & NHS)
    5. Infection ( Encephalitis, Meningitis)
    6. CNS Tumors
    7.Degenerative CNS Diseases (AD &
    The anatomy of the brain
    CNS Cellular
    Neuron
    Astrocytes
    Oligodendroglia
    Microglia
    Ependym
    NEURONAL
    DEGENERATION
    Neuronal Degeneration
    Chromatolysis:
    is the dissolution of
    the Nissl bodies in the
    cell body of a neuron.
    Neurolysis:
    the breaking down of
    nervous tissue (as
    from disease or
    injury)
    Neurophagia:
    phagocytoses by
    microglia
    CONGENITAL
    ABNORMALITY
    (HYDROCEPHALUS)
    Congenital Abnormality
    (Hydrocephalus)

    Hydro = Water
    Cephalus = Head
    Infection within during pregnancy
    Disturbing of CSF circulation
    STROKE
    Stroke

    HS =
    Hemorrhagic
    stroke
    NHS = Non
    Hemorrhagic
    stroke
    HS
    NHS
    Thrombus
    Emboli lepas akbt atrial fibrillasi,
    penyakit jantung
    Atherosclerosis =Perkapuran p.darah
    DM
    Hyperlipidaemia
    Hypertensi
    Dyscrasia darah (gangguan darah)
    INFECTION
    ( ENCEPHALITIS,
    MENINGITIS)
    Infeksi ( Meningitis, Encephalitis )

    Radang selaput meninges


    M-Purulenta
    M-TBC
    Panas tinggi
    Kejang-kejang
    Kesadaran menurun
    Kaku kuduk
    Slide ( Praktikum Meningitis
    Purulenta)
    TUMORS
    CNS Tumors
    (Neoplasma sesuai asalnya)

    Astrocytoma
    Schwannoma
    Oligodendroglioma
    Ependymoma
    Choroid plexius papiloma
    Meningioma
    Astrositoma Grade 1
    Astrosito
    ma pilositic
    berupa kistik
    dengan cairan
    kuning
    kecoklatan dan
    adanya nodul
    mural (mural
    nodule).
    Sel
    Sign and symptom
    Slow growing, and may grow to a large size before
    causing symptoms.
    The symptoms will depend on the location
    The first symptoms are usually due to increased
    pressure on the brain caused by the growing
    tumor.
    Headache and weakness in an arm or leg are the
    most common, although seizures, personality
    changes, or visual problems may also occur.
    Pain and loss of sensation or weakness in the arms
    or legs are the most common symptoms of spinal
    cord meningioma.
    Most people with meningiomas will have no
    symptoms.
    Tekanan intra kranial &
    Herniasi
    Penyebab Peninggian TIK :
    Brain edema, Tumor, Stroke (HS dan
    NHS), Hydrocephalus, Trauma
    Perdarahan.
    TIK meninggi Herniasi (Penurunan
    bagian otak ke bagian bawah / celah
    Herniasi menekan batang otak
    pusat pernapasan dan Jantung
    Kematian
    Herniation

    Supratentorial herniation
    1. Uncal (transtentorial)
    2. Central
    3. Cingulate (subfalcine)
    4. Transcalvarial

    Infratentorial herniation
    5. Upward (upward cerebellar
    orupwardtranstentorial)
    6. Tonsillar (downward
    cerebellar)
    DEGENERATIVE DISEASE
    (ALZHEIMERS DISEASE DAN PARKINSON
    DISEASE)
    Pathology
    AD (Alzheimers Disease)
    Atrofi lobus frontalis d temporalis
    Parkinson Disease

    Gejala (TRAP)
    Tremor : resting tremor
    Rigidity : cogwheel Gejala tambahan
    phenomena (gerakan pasif, motorik: freezing (bhenti
    terputus2 dan langkah jalan ditempat saat mau
    cepat tp pendek (festination) melangkah, sdg berjalan),
    start hesitation (ragu2
    Akinesia: mask face, mulai melangkah), distonia
    hipofonia, drooling, ddl
    mikrografia) dll Otonom: konstipasi,
    impotensi seksual
    Postural reflex terganggu: pull
    Mental: lambat berpikir,
    test depresi, dementia
    Lain-lain:
    Pathogenesis
    Degenerative (old), > 65 tahun
    Genetics
    Traumatic (repetitive injury /
    Pugulistic)
    Post infections (Encephalitis)
    Parkinsonism= Parkinson akibat
    obat2an /psikotropika= usia muda
    (Bedakan dgn real PD)
    Pathology PD

    Mid brain
    Kerusakan Subtantia Nigra
    Pigmented neuron
    Levy body
    Gliosis
    for the attention

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