WATER POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION

Is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes,

rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater).

HOW IT OCCURS?
when pollutants are directly or indirectly
discharged into water bodies without adequate
treatment to remove harmful compounds.
70
% is
covered

2%
is
drinkable
WATER RESOURCES

Rivers
Lakes
Ocean
Underground aquifers
 HOW WATER IS
DISTRIBUTED?
HOW WATER IS
DISTRIBUTED
AROUND THE GLOBE?
HOW IT CYCLES?
Hydrologic Cycle
 Distribution of the Earths water
Resource

Location Water volume, % of total

Total 1015 gal
World ocean 362,000 94.2
Glaciers 6,350 1.65
Lakes 60.5 0.016
Soil moisture 21.6 0.006
Atmospheric vapour 3.7 0.001
River (channel) 0.32 0.0001
waters
Total groundwater 15,800 4.13
Groundwater less 1,160 0.28
than .5 mi down
WATER POLLUTANTS
TYPES:
Oxygen-demanding wastes
Disease-causing agents
Synthetic organic compounds
Plant nutrients
Inorganic chemicals and mineral
substances
Sediments
Radioactive substances
Thermal discharges
WATER POLLUTANTS

Oxygen-demanding wastes
are biodegradable organic compounds
contained in domestic sewage or certain
industrial effluents.
Disease-causing agents
are various pathogenic microorganisms
which usually enter the water with human
sewage.
Synthetic organic compounds
- include detergents and other household
aids, pesticides, and various synthetic
WATER POLLUTANTS

Plant nutrients
such as the nitrogen and phosphorus
which drains from fertilized lands.
Inorganic chemicals and mineral
substances
include the acids which form when water
drains from abandoned mines.
Sediments
- are particles of soils, sands, and
minerals washed from the land.
WATER POLLUTANTS

Radioactive substances
can enter the water from the mining
and processing of radioactive ores.
Thermal discharges
from steam-electric power plants raise
the temperature of the receiving water
by as much as 20F.
DISSOLVE OXYGEN (DO)

Four process that affect the amount of oxygen

in water:

Re-aeration
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Oxidation of wastes
DISSOLVE OXYGEN

REAERATION
- is the process wherein oxygen enters the
water through the contact the water surface
makes with the atmosphere.
DISSOLVE OXYGEN

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- occurs only during the daylight hours,
oxygen is liberated, thereby increasing the DO
level in the water.
DISSOLVE OXYGEN

RESPIRATION
- is a process which continuously removes
oxygen from the water.
DISSOLVE OXYGEN

PHOTOSYNTHESIS
RESPIRATION
REAERATION
 DISSOLVE OXYGEN
DECOMPOSITION
(OXIDATION OF
WASTES)
CASES:

AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION
- occur in the presence of oxygen.
ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION
- occur in the absence of oxygen.
STATUS OF SURFACE WATER
QUALITY

prioritizes on the mitigation of water quality

deterioration in highly urbanized centres
particularly Metro Manila using ecosystem
approach.
most vulnerable to water quality
deterioration due to higher number of
households, commerce and industries.
Untreated domestic wastewater contributes
77 % to the pollution.
STATUS OF SURFACE WATER
QUALITY

Manila Water Company and the Maynilad Water

Services, Inc. are now fast tracking the
completion of the installation of Domestic
Wastewater Treatment facilities/plants in Metro
Manila to achieve 100 percent coverage.
It has a strict monitoring of the compliance of
Industries to Clean Water Act on the provision
of complete industrial wastewater treatment
plants and imposing immediate sanctions and
penalties to violators of the law.
STATUS OF SURFACE WATER
QUALITY

They will implement the Polluters Pay Principle

(Developing market-based instruments, payment of
fees on wastewater discharges).
The future challenges are to develop a systematized
technical and operational, approach to water
environment monitoring, improve coordination and
basic water environment data collection system for an
efficient and effective flow of information, inadequate
institutional capacity-building, the need to address
water quality decline through ecosystem approach,
inadequate financial support to the programs/projects
of the water sector, weak law enforcement and climate
change concern.