Periodicity

Prepared by: Goce, Ivan Rei L.

 Atomic Radii
Within a family (vertical group on the
periodic table) of representative
elements, atomic radii increase from
top to bottom as electrons are added
to shells farther from the nucleus.

As we move from left to right across a

period in the periodic table, atomic
radii of representative elements
decrease as a proton is added to the
nucleus and an electron is added to a
particular shell.
 Ionization Energy

the minimum amount of

energy required to remove the
most loosely bound electron
from an isolated gaseous atom
to form an ion with a +
charge.

Elements with low ionization

energies (IE) easily lose
electrons to form cations.
Electron Affinity

The energy change when an electron

is added to an isolated gaseous
atom to form an ion with a charge.

Elements with very negative electron

affinities gain electrons easily to
form negative ions (anions).
Ionic Radii
Electronegativity
The electronegativity (EN) of an element is a
measure of the relative tendency of an atom to attract
electrons to itself when it is chemically combined with
another atom.
Examples
1. Arrange the following elements in order of increasing
atomic radii.
Cs, F, K, Cl
Answer: F < Cl < K < Cs

2. Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing

ionization energy.
Na, Mg, Al, Si
Answer: Si > Mg > Al > Na
Examples
1. Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing
electron affinities.
K, Br, Cs, Cl
Answer: Cs > K > Br > Cl

2. Arrange the following elements in order of increasing

electronegativity
B, Na, F, O
Answer: Na < B < O < F