Dr.

Irfannuddin,
SpKO

KINESIOLOGI

Applied of anatomy &

mechanics in movements
 LOKOMOTOR SYSTEM
Passive Bones
Active Muscles

Joints:
Companionship of 2 or more bone, center of movement
(fulcrum)
Joint supports:
Tendon, ligament, joint capsule (discus/meniscus), sinovial
fluids, cartilage, bursa
 Bones
Foundation of body
Cortex & Medulla
4 types
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Pneumatics
Locomotors
Long, short and scapula
Joints
Fibrous (sindesmosis)
Fibrous, No cavity, almost not moving
Skull

Cartilaginous (sinkondrosis)
Hyaline cartilage, no cavity, almost not moving
Sternum to costae

Sinovial joints (diartrosis)

With cavity, moving free
knee, ankle, hip etc
Knee
 Joint structure

Bones
Bones shape determine movements
Joint capsule
Slick, decrease friction
Diskus/meniskus
Buffer, Shock absorber, stability,
Cavity with fluids
Lubricator, nutrition for cartilage
Ligament
Connective tissue, control the movement
Sendi lutut
Types of Joint
Hinge joint
1 axis: flexion - extension

Pivot joint
1 rolling axis
Pronasi - supinasi
Saddle joint
2 axis (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction)

Kondiloid joint
2 axis
Ball & socket
Most flexible 3 aksis
(flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, endo-
exo rotation)

Gliding joint
Multi axis but limited
 Skeletal muscle
Active locomotor engine
Converting chemical to kinetics
Origo :
- Not mobile bone, always proximal
Insersio :
- Mobile bone always distal
- Usually connected by tendon
Muscle formation
Contraction
Sliding filament
Head of myosin torque
 Types of contraction
Dynamics
The length is change when contraction

Concentric Eccentric
Shorten Lengthwise
Muscle force more than Muscle force less then
external force external force
For acceleration For decceleration
Eq: Quadriceps while Eq: Quadriceps while
standing sitting
Jenis Kontraksi
Static/Isometric
Contraction but not change in length (tighten)
Muscle force = external force
For fixation

Push the wall

Contraction Power

Depend on
Diameter
Motor Unit
Tension before
Electrical stimulation
Motor Unit
Tension Before
Contraction pattern

Agonist
Principal activator Biceps brachii while elbow flexion
Supporting activator
Brachialis while elbow flexion
Stabilizers/ fixation
Shoulder while elbow flexion
Synergy
Ankle extension while finger flexion
Antagonist
Work adversative to controls agonist,
Usually eccentric
Hamstring while kicking the ball
Types of movement

Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Endorotation/ pronasi
Exorotation/ supinasi
Sircumduction
Thats all