Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Basic Concept of PC
Basic Concept of PC
Personal Computer
White Chiu
AE of IAG
Oct. 11 2007
Contents
History of PC Evolution
PC Architecture
CISC & RISC CPU
PCI Routing
AT v.s. ATX Power
ATA and SATA (RAID)
History Of PC Evolution
History of PC Evolution
First appeared as the Intel 8086 CPU in 1978.
IBM and Microsoft made it an operation
system, meaning all documentation and
specifications of the H/W and S/W of the PC
were made public.
8086802868038680486 Pentium
History of PC Evolution
x86 CPU OS Support
DOS
Windows
Unix
Linux
Mac OS
PC Architecture
Before OS Entered the Picture
Traditional x86 Architecture
CISC & RISC CPU
CISC & RISC CPU
CPU
CISC RISC
CISC
Complex Instruction Set Computer
Complex instructions
Variable length instructions
Relatively small number of registers
Access memory locations directly
x86: Intel and AMD
Personal computers and low- and mid-range
servers and workstations.
RISC
Reduced Instruction Set Computer
Derived from CISC
Fixed length and regular format instructions
Larger number of registers than CISC
Operations are performed on registers only. The only
memory operations are load and store.
Hardware in RISC is simpler because RISC
architecture relies more on the complier for
sequencing complex operations.
AVR, PIC, ARM, DEC, Alpha, PA-RISC, SPARC, MIPS, Power
Architecture, etc.
Workstations and servers.
Storage Scheme for
a Generic Computer
Main memory is divided
into locations numbered
from (row) 1: (column) 1
to (row) 6: (column) 4.
We want to find the
product of two numbers
- one stored in location
2:3 and another stored in
location 5:2 - and then
store the product back in
the location 2:3.
RISC Approach
1. LOAD A, 2:3
2. LOAD B, 5:2
3. PROD A, B
4. STORE 2:3, A
24-pin ATX
power supply
connector
(20-pin omits
the last 4: 11,
12, 23 and 24)
ATA and SATA (RAID)
Inside HDD
Inside HDD
Serial transmission
7 pin for data and 25
pin for power
Bandwidth:
150MB/s(SATA 2 can
support up to 3Gbps)
Hot Swap capability
Data is stored on the
surface of a platter in
the sectors and tracks
SATA (Serial ATA)
ATA & SATA & SATA II